Musk compositions and methods of use thereof

ABSTRACT

A fragrance composition comprising one or more musk or fragrance accords for use in reducing or inhibiting a subject&#39;s physiological reaction to stress. The composition can be incorporated into consumer products.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No.62/186,240, filed Jun. 29, 2015, which is incorporated by referenceherein in its entirety.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to fragrance compositions comprising oneor more musk or fragrance accords. The compositions can be administeredto reduce or inhibit a subject's response to stress.

BACKGROUND

Stress is the human body's reaction to internal or external stimuli. Itis well documented that stress typically causes a negative impact on aperson's mental and physical health. Mental and physical symptoms ofstress may include, but are not limited to, moodiness, irritability orshort temper, agitation, inability to relax, general unhappiness, achesand pains, diarrhea or constipation, indigestion, nausea, dizziness,chest pain, and/or rapid heartbeat. Long-term, or chronic stress hasbeen linked to anxiety, depression, heart problems, weight gain, sleepdisorders, and memory and concentration impairment. Numerouspharmaceutical remedies exist to treat or lessen these stress responses,however there remains a need for alternative remedies and solutions.

Aromatherapy is a known practice for treating stress and promotingrelaxation using essential oils. However, fragrances comprise a varietyof compounds, which can lose their individual scent identity whencombined with other compounds. With such mixtures, it can be difficultfor consumers to elucidate which particular compounds are effective forstress reduction. Therefore, there remains a need to identify fragranceaccords that actually impact an individual's reaction to stress. Thepresent disclosure addresses this need in further detail below.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure relates to fragrance compositions comprising atleast one compound that effectively reduces or inhibits physiologicalresponses to stress. Specifically, the present disclosure is directed tocompositions comprising at least one musk accord and a method of usingsuch compositions to reduce or inhibit a subject's response to stress.

In certain embodiments, the presently disclosed subject matter providesfor fragrance compositions comprising at least one musk accord, whereinthe musk accord comprises at least one musk compound selected from thegroup consisting of 1-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)ethyl acetate,((12E)-1-oxacyclohexadec-12-en-2-one), 17-oxacycloheptadec-6-en-1-one,L-Muscone, 3-methyl-5-((1R)-2,2,3-trimethylcyclopentyl)pentan-2-one,1-(1,1,2,3,3,6-hexamethyl-2H-inden-5-yl)ethanone,((E)-2-methyl-4-(2,2,3-trimethyl-1-cyclopent-3-enyl)but-2-en-1-ol), andcombinations thereof, wherein the musk accord is present in an amount offrom about 1% to about 100% by weight of the fragrance composition. Incertain embodiments, the musk accord is present in an amount of at leastabout 5% w/w, or at least about 10% w/w, or at least about 20% w/w.

The presently disclosed subject matter further provides consumerproducts comprising the fragrance compositions as disclosed herein. Incertain embodiments, the consumer product comprises a sufficient amountof the at least one musk accord to provide a concentration of said atleast one musk of at least 7 nanograms per cubic foot of air, preferablyfrom about 7.4 nanograms per cubic foot of air to about 28 nanograms percubic foot of air, more preferably 7.4 nanograms per cubic foot of airto about 27.7 nanograms per cubic foot of air, said consumer productbeing a hair removal, sexual health care, fine fragrance and/or pet careproduct.

In certain embodiments, the consumer product further comprises, inaddition to said at least one musk accord, one or more fragrance rawmaterials. In certain embodiments, the consumer product furthercomprises an ingredient selected from the group consisting of bleachactivators, hydrogen peroxide, perfumes, fragrance delivery systems,carriers, structurants, solvents, and mixtures thereof.

The presently disclosed subject matter further provides for methods ofreducing or inhibiting a stress response in a subject in need thereofcomprising: administering the fragrance composition disclosed herein tothe subject in an amount effective to reduce or inhibit a response tostress stimuli. In certain embodiments, the fragrance composition isadministered before, during, or after exposure to the stress stimuli.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 provides a graphical analysis of a subject's levels of salivaryalpha-amylase, measured before and after exposure to a stressor. In thegraphic, each compound tested is provided (x-axis), and the change insalivary alpha-amylase, measured before and after exposure to astressor, is evaluated on a percent scale (y-axis).

FIG. 2 provides a graphical analysis of a subject's levels of salivarycortisol, measured before and after exposure to a stressor. In thegraphic, each compound tested is provided (x-axis), and the change insalivary cortisol, measured before and after exposure to a stressor, isevaluated on a percent scale (y-axis).

FIG. 3 shows the average percentage change in salivary alpha-amylase(sAA) in response to a stress test, in the presence of a musk containingfragrance, as described by Example 8.

FIG. 4 shows the average percentage change in salivary cortisol inresponse to a stress test, in the presence of a musk containingfragrance, as described by Example 8.

FIG. 5 shows the average percentage change in sAA in response to astress test, in the presence of a musk containing fragrance, asdescribed by Example 9.

FIG. 6 shows the average percentage change in salivary cortisol inresponse to a stress test, in the presence of a musk containingfragrance, as described by Example 9.

FIG. 7 shows the average percentage change in sAA in response to astress test, in the presence of a musk containing fragrance, asdescribed by Example 10.

FIG. 8 shows the average percentage change in salivary cortisol inresponse to a stress test, in the presence of a musk containingfragrance, as described by Example 10.

FIG. 9 shows the average percentage change in sAA in response to astress test in the presence of a musk containing fragrance, as describedby Example 11.

FIG. 10 shows the levels of salivary alpha-amylase produced in responseto a stress test, in the presence of the combination of Formulation Band the fruity fragrance composition versus the fruity fragrancecomposition alone, as described in Example 12.

FIG. 11 shows the levels of salivary cortisol produced in response to astress test, in the presence of the combination of Formulation B and thefruity fragrance composition versus the fruity fragrance compositionalone, as described in Example 12.

FIG. 12 shows the levels of salivary cortisol produced in response to astress test in the presence of the combination of Formulation B and thefruity fragrance composition versus the fruity fragrance compositionalone and versus solvent alone, as described in Example 12.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As discussed above, there is a need in the art to determine whichfragrances and which accords within a fragrance impact a subject'sreaction to stress so as to formulate an effective composition fortreatment thereof. The presently disclosed subject matter addresses thisneed through a fragrance composition comprising at least one musk accordwhich can be administered to a subject before, during, or after exposureto a stressor to effectively reduce or inhibit stress.

1. Definitions

The terms used in this specification generally have their ordinarymeanings in the art, within the context of this disclosure and in thespecific context where each term is used. Certain terms are discussedbelow, or elsewhere in the specification, to provide additional guidanceto the practitioner in describing the compositions and methods of thedisclosure and how to make and use them.

As used herein, the use of the word “a” or “an” when used in conjunctionwith the term “comprising” in the claims and/or the specification maymean “one,” but it is also consistent with the meaning of “one or more,”“at least one,” and “one or more than one.” Still further, the terms“having,” “including,” “containing” and “comprising” are interchangeableand one of skill in the art is cognizant that these terms are open endedterms.

The term “about” or “approximately” means within an acceptable errorrange for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill inthe art, which will depend in part on how the value is measured ordetermined, i.e., the limitations of the measurement system. Forexample, “about” can mean within 3 or more than 3 standard deviations,per the practice in the art. Alternatively, “about” can mean a range ofup to 20%, preferably up to 10%, more preferably up to 5%, and morepreferably still up to 1% of a given value. Alternatively, particularlywith respect to biological systems or processes, the term can meanwithin an order of magnitude, preferably within 5-fold, and morepreferably within 2-fold, of a value.

As used herein, the term “fragrance sample” is taken to mean anyindividual material, e.g., a fragrance composition (which is synonymouswith perfume ingredient and perfume material), which may contain one ormore musk or fragrance accords. It is also understood that a “fragrancesample” can be a mixture of individual materials, such as, for example,multiple accords or a fully formulated fragrance. As used herein, theterm “fragrance” may be used interchangeably with the term “perfume”.

As used herein, the term “accord” refers to a formulation that containsone or more different musk compounds that create a specific smell, odoror scent, and that causes a specific physiological effect when used inproper effective amounts as necessary.

As used herein, the term “stressor” and “stress stimuli” are usedinterchangeably and refer to one of more event(s) which induces a stressresponse in a subject. The stressor can be chemical, biological,environmental, or another external stimulus that causes a stressreaction within a subject's body.

As used herein, the term “subject” refers to a human or a non-humansubject. Non-limiting examples of non-human subjects include non-humanprimates, dogs, cats, mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, pigs, fowl,horses, cows, goats, sheep, cetaceans, etc.

As used herein, the term “treat” or “treating” refers to intervention toalter (e.g., lower) the stress level of the subject, e.g., byadministering a fragrance composition.

As used herein, the term “reduce” refers to alter negatively by at leastabout 5% including, but not limited to, alter negatively by about 5%, byabout 10%, by about 25%, by about 30%, by about 50%, by about 75%, or byabout 100%.

As used herein, the term “inhibit” or “prevent” refers to the ability ofcompound or composition, e.g., a fragrance composition, to stop,decrease, or reduce stress within a subject.

As used herein, the term “enantiomers” refers to a pair of stereoisomersthat are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. A 1:1 mixtureof a pair of enantiomers is a “racemic” mixture. The term is used todesignate a racemic mixture where appropriate.

As used herein, the term “diastereoisomers” refers to stereoisomers thathave at least two asymmetric atoms, but which are not mirror-images ofeach other. The absolute stereochemistry is specified according to theCahn-Ingold-Prelog R-S system. When a compound is a pure enantiomer thestereochemistry at each chiral carbon may be specified by either R or S.Resolved compounds whose absolute configuration is unknown can bedesignated (+) or (−) depending on the direction (dextro orlevorotatory) which they rotate plane polarized light at the wavelengthof the sodium D line. The compounds of the presently disclosed subjectmatter contain one or more asymmetric centers and may thus give rise toenantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisomeric forms that may bedefined, in terms of absolute stereochemistry, as (R)- or (S)-. Thepresently disclosed subject matter is meant to include all such possibleisomers, including racemic mixtures, optically pure forms andintermediate mixtures. Optically active (R)- and (S)-isomers may beprepared using chiral synthons or chiral reagents, or resolved usingconventional techniques. If the compound contains a double bond, thesubstituent may be E or Z configuration. If the compound contains adisubstituted cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl substituent may have a cis- ortrans-configuration. All tautomeric forms are also intended to beincluded.

As used herein, the term “isomers” refers to different compounds thathave the same molecular formula but differ in arrangement andconfiguration of the atoms. Also as used herein, the term “stereoisomer”refers to any of the various stereo isomeric configurations which mayexist for a given compound of the presently disclosed subject matter andincludes geometric isomers. It is understood that a substituent may beattached at a chiral center of a carbon atom. Therefore, the presentlydisclosed subject matter includes enantiomers, diastereomers orracemates of the compound. Also as used herein, the terms“constitutional isomers” refers to different compounds which have thesame numbers of, and types of, atoms but the atoms are connecteddifferently.

2. Musk Compounds

The fragrance compositions of the presently disclosed subject mattercomprise one or more musk compounds. Although historically musk has beenassociated with an odorous substance from a male musk deer gland, muskis now understood to encompass a broad variety of compounds with similarodor characteristics. Musk is a class of aromatic compounds structurallygrouped for example into polycyclic musks, macrocyclic musks, nitromusks, and acyclic musks. Although structurally diverse, each muskcompound gives an odor, and the various compounds can be used alone orin combination. Because of their pleasant odor character, musk compoundshave been incorporated into various product applications. Surprisingly,despite these odor similarities, the subject disclosure explains that ithas been unexpectedly discovered that within the classes of muskcompounds, only certain compounds act on the autonomic nervous system orthe hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to effectively treat,reduce, inhibit or prevent stress responses.

Musk fragrance compounds can include, but are not limited to,4-Cyclopentadecen-1-one, (4Z); 4-Cyclopentadecen-1-one;9-Cycloheptadecen-1-one; 9-Cycloheptadecen-1-one, (9Z);Oxacycloheptadecan-Z-one; ω-Hexadecanolide;1,4-Dioxacyclohexadecane-5,16-dione; Oxacyclohexadecen-Z-one;15-Pentadec-(11/12)-enolide; 1,4-Dioxacycloheptadecane-5, 17-dione;3-Methyl-cyclopentadecanone; Oxacycloheptadec-10-en-2-one;3-Methyl-cyclopentadecenone; 7/8-Cyclohexadecen-1-one;8-Cyclohexadecen-1-one; Cyclohexadecanone; 15-Pentadecanolide,Oxacyclohexadecan-2-one; 3-Methyl-(5E/Z)-cyclotetradecen-1-one;1[2,3-Dihydro-1,1,2,6-tetramethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)-1H-inden-5-yl]-ethanone;1-(2,3-Dihydro-1,1,2,3,3,6-hexamethyl-1 H-inden-5-yl)ethanone;1-(5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-3,5,5,6,8,8-hexalmeth-2-naphthalenyl)-ethanone;1-[6-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,1-dimethyl-1H-inden-4-yl]-ethanone;Cyclopenta[g]-2-benzopyrane,1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl-; 1-Propanol, 2-[1-(3,3dimethylcyclohexyl)ethoxy]-2-methyl-,1-propanoate;2,3-Dihydro-1,1,3,3,5-pentamethyl-4,6-dinitro-1H-indene;1-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-3,4,5-trimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzene;1-[4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-2,6-dimethylphenyl]-ethanone;1-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene;1-[4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dinitrophenyl] ethanone; andincluding constitutional isomers, enantiomers, stereoisomers and racemicmixtures of said compounds listed herein. Non-limiting examples of muskcompounds are further described, for example, inwww.thegoodscentscompany.com (last visited on Jun. 29, 2016).

Additional musk compounds include Applelide®(1-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)ethyl propanedioic acid ethyl ester);Celestolide®(1-(6-tert-butyl-1,1-dimethyl-2,3-dihydroinden-4-yl)ethanone); Cosmone®((5E)-3-methylcyclotetradec-5-en-1-one); Exaltolide®(16-oxacyclohexadecan-1-one); Exaltone® (cyclopentadecan-1-one);Fixolide®(1-(3,5,5,6,8,8-hexamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)ethanone);Globanone® ((8E)-cyclohexadec-8-en-1-one); Muscenone®((5E)-3-methylcyclopentadec-5-en-1-one); Musk 15® (cyclopentadecanone);Musk Ambrette® (1-tert-butyl-2-methoxy-4-methyl-3,5-dinitrobenzene);Musk C-14® (2,5-dioxacyclohexadecane-1,6-dione); MUSK R-1®(1,7-dioxacycloheptadecan-8-one); Nirvanolide®(12-methyl-14-tetradec-9-enolide); Oxalide T®(1,8-dioxacycloheptadecan-9-one); Serenolide®(2-[1-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpropylcyclopropanecarboxylate); Sylkolide®((3′E)-2-((3′,5′-dimethylhex-3′-en-2′-yl)oxy)-2-methylpropylcyclopropanecarboxylate); Velvione® ((5Z)-cyclohexadec-5-en-1-one);Versalide®(1-(3-ethyl-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-6,7-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)ethanone);Vulcanolide®(3,5,5,6,7,8,8-heptamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-carbaldehyde);and including constitutional isomers, enantiomers, stereoisomers andracemic mixtures of said compounds listed herein.

Additional musk compounds include rosamusk(1-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)ethyl acetate), Habanolide®((12E)-1-oxacyclohexadec-12-en-2-one), ambrettolide(17-oxacycloheptadec-6-en-1-one), Ambretone® (5-Cyclohexadecen-1-one),Musk T® (ethylene brassylate), Musk C14® (ethylene dodecanoate), Musk R1(11-Oxahexadecan-16-olide), 1-oxacyclohexadec-12-en-2-one, Muscone,L-Muscone, 3-methyl-5-((1R)-2,2,3-trimethylcyclopentyl)pentan-2-one,phantolide (1-(1,1,2,3,3,6-hexamethyl-2H-inden-5-yl)ethanone), Hindinol®((E)-2-methyl-4-(2,2,3-trimethyl-1-cyclopent-3-enyl)but-2-en-1-ol),traesolide (5-Acetyl-1,1,2,6-tetramethyl-3-isopropylindan), cashmeran(1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-1,2,3,3-pentamethyl-4h-inden-4-one), tonalide(1-(3,5,5,6,8,8-hexamethyl-6,7-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)ethanone),Helvetolide®([2-[1-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpropyl]propanoate),galaxolide(4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl-1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-cyclopenta[g]-isochromene),Romandolide® (acetic acid, (1-oxopropoxy)-1-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)ethyl ester), Cetalox®(3a,6,6,9a-tetramethyl-2,4,5,5a,7,8,9,9b-octahydro-1H-benzo[e][1]benzofuran),and musk ketone; and including constitutional isomers, enantiomers,stereoisomers and racemic mixtures of said compounds listed herein.

In one embodiment, the musk compound is selected from the groupconsisting of rosamusk (1-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)ethyl acetate),Habanolide® ((12E)-1-oxacyclohexadec-12-en-2-one), ambrettolide(17-oxacycloheptadec-6-en-1-one), L-Muscone,3-methyl-5-((1R)-2,2,3-trimethylcyclopentyl)pentan-2-one, phantolide(1-(1,1,2,3,3,6-hexamethyl-2H-inden-5-yl)ethanone), Hindinol®((E)-2-methyl-4-(2,2,3-trimethyl-1-cyclopent-3-enyl)but-2-en-1-ol), andcombinations thereof.

In specific embodiments, the one or more musk compounds (taken alone ortogether) make up a musk or fragrance accord. In one embodiment, onemusk compound makes up the musk accord. In another embodiment, two muskcompounds make up the musk accord. In another embodiment, three muskcompounds make up the musk accord. In yet another embodiment, four ormore musk compounds make up the musk accord. These musk accords are thenused in fragrance compositions as discussed in more detail below.

3. Fragrance Compositions

The musk or fragrance accord of the presently disclosed subject mattercan be formulated into different fragrance compositions. As discussedabove, each accord contains at least one musk compound.

In certain embodiments, the one or more musk or fragrance accords of thepresent disclosure are formulated in a fragrance composition in amountsof from about 0.001% to about 99% by weight of the total fragrancecomposition, or from about 0.01% to about 90% by weight, or from about0.1% to about 80% by weight, or from about 1% to about 70% by weight, orfrom about 2% to about 60% by weight, or from about 5% to about 50% byweight, or from about 5% to about 40% by weight, or from about 5% toabout 30% by weight, or from about 5% to about 20% by weight, or fromabout 5% to about 10% by weight of the total fragrance composition. Incertain embodiments, the fragrance compositions of the presentdisclosure contain at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about20%, or at least about 25% by weight of a musk or fragrance accord.

In certain embodiments, the fragrance compositions of the presentdisclosure contain at least about 98.5% by weight of a musk or fragranceaccord. In one embodiment, the fragrance composition contains 100% byweight of a musk or fragrance accord.

A fragrance composition can include, but is not limited to, one or moremusk accords, and one or more additional fragrance accords or compounds.In certain embodiments, the additional fragrance accords or compoundscan but are not limited to, one or more musk compound(s), one or more awoody compound(s), one or more floral compound(s) and/or one or moreamber compound(s), or combinations thereof.

Additional fragrance compounds, including but not limited to one or moreof the compounds disclosed herein, can also be included in thecompositions so long as the addition does not change the ability of thecomposition to treat, reduce, inhibit or prevent stress responses.

In certain embodiments, the additional fragrance compounds areformulated in a composition in an amount of from about 0.001% to about99% by weight, or from about 0.01% to about 90% by weight, or from about0.1% to about 80% by weight, or from about 1% to about 70% by weight, orfrom about 2% to about 60% by weight, or from about 5% to about 50% byweight, or from about 10% to about 40% by weight, or from about 15% toabout 30% by weight, or from about 20% to about 25% by weight.

In certain embodiments, the fragrance compositions of the presentdisclosure include one or more fragrance accords. In certainembodiments, each fragrance accord can comprise two or more compounds.In certain embodiments, the additional accord can comprise at least onemusk compound.

4. Use of Compositions in Consumer Products

In certain embodiments, the fragrance compositions of the presentdisclosure are formulated as part of a consumer product.

The compositions of the presently disclosed subject matter relate tofragrance formulations, and/or a flavor formulations, in which thecompositions are blended as a calming or sedative effect-providingfragrance and/or flavor modifier, and the fragrance and/or flavorformulation can be used in, for example, perfumes, colognes, shampoos,rinses, skin cares, body shampoos, body rinses, body powders, airfresheners, deodorants, baths, foods, snacks, beverages, and the like,if necessary in combination with auxiliary materials.

In certain embodiments, the consumer products of the present disclosurecan be, but are not limited to, air care products (e.g., candles,aerosols, air fresheners, liquid electric air fresheners, fragrancediffusers, gel air fresheners, plug-in air fresheners, etc.); baby careproducts (e.g., consumer products relating to disposable absorbentand/or non-absorbent articles, including adult incontinence garments,bibs, diapers, training pants, infant and toddler care wipes; andpersonal care products including hand soaps, shampoos, lotions, andclothing); fabric and home care products (e.g., consumer products forfabric conditioning (including softening), laundry detergency, laundryand rinse additive and/or care, dryer sheets, perfume beads, air care,car care, dishwashing, hard surface cleaning and/or treatment, and othercleaning for consumer and or institutional use, etc.); personal careproducts (e.g., lotions, creams, body washes, hand soaps, shampoos,conditioners, soaps, etc.); family care products (e.g., wet or dry bathtissue, facial tissue, disposable handkerchiefs, disposable towels,and/or wipes, towels, toilet paper, tissue paper, wet towels, etc.);feminine care products (e.g., catamenial pads, incontinence pads,interlabial pads, panty liners, pessaries, sanitary napkins, tampons andtampon applicators, and/or wipes, etc.); sexual health care products(e.g., products relating to sexual aids or sexual health, includinglubricants and condoms, etc.); pet care products (e.g., pet malodor catlitter, pet deodorizers, pet health and nutrition including pet foods,treats, other orally deliverable products, grooming aids, products fortreating pet hair/fur including shampooing, styling, conditioning;deodorants and antiperspirants; products for cleansing or treating petskin, including soaps, creams, lotions, and other topically appliedproducts; training aids, toys and diagnostics techniques); finefragrance (including hydro alcoholic solutions of perfume oil, such asparfum/extrait de parfum, eau de parfum/millesime/parfum de toilette,eau de toilette, eau de cologne, body splash, after shave, body mists,including baby colognes); auto care products (e.g., cleaners, airfresheners, wipes, soaps, etc.); cosmetics (e.g., skin cream, cleansingcream, night cream, hand cream, lotion, after-shave lotion, body lotion,foundation, lip stick, lip cream, nail polish, nail polish remover,talcum powder, anti-wrinkle and/or anti-aging cosmetics, sun protectionproducts, massage oil, etc.); beauty care (e.g., products for treatinghuman hair including shampooing, styling, conditioning; deodorants andantiperspirants; products for personal cleansing; products for treatinghuman skin, including application of creams, lotions, and othertopically applied products; products for shaving, rinse, rinse inshampoo; hair styling agents such as pomade, hair tonic, hair gel, haircream and hair mousse; hair growing agents; hair coloring agents, etc.);and bath agents (e.g., powder bath additives, solid foaming bathadditives, bath oils, bubble bath aroma generators, bath salts, etc.);hair removal products (e.g., products for hair removal includingdepilatory creams, sugar pastes or gels, waxes); writing products (e.g.,pens, crayons, paints, pencils, paper, origami, seals, etc.); productsfor play (e.g., balls, beanbags, cards, tops, dolls, building blocks,etc.); flavored products (e.g., confections, beverages, snacks, preparedmeals, OTC medications, gum, etc.); pharmaceuticals (e.g., plasters,ointments, suppositories, tablets, liquid medicines, capsules, granules,pharmacologically active molecular and/or biological entities; their usein the treatment and/or prevention of diseases and/or alleviation ofsymptoms in humans and/or animals, and formulations, regimens, kitsand/or routes of delivering such entities to subjects in need oftreatment and/or prevention and/or alleviation, etc.); health careproducts (e.g., oral health care products, including any composition foruse with any soft and/or hard tissue of the oral cavity or conditionsassociated therewith (e.g., anti-cavities compositions, anti-plaquechewing gum compositions, breath compositions, dentrifices, denturecompositions, lozenges, rinses, and tooth whitening compositions),cleaning devices, floss and flossing devices and toothbrushes;over-the-counter health care including cough and cold remedies andtreatments for other respiratory conditions, pain relievers whethertopical, oral, or otherwise, gastrointestinal remedies including anycomposition suitable for the alleviation of gastrointestinal conditionssuch as heartburn, upset stomach, diarrhea, and irritable bowelsyndrome, and nutrient supplementation such as calcium or fibersupplementation, etc.); and foods and drinks or beverage (e.g.,confectioneries consisting of gum, candy, snack such as potato crisps,baked sweets such as cookie and biscuit; drinks including refreshingdrinks such as flavored tea, herb tea, juice, soda and powdered drink,fancy drinks such as tea and coffee, and milk drinks; frozen dessertssuch as ice cream, sherbet, mousse and frozen yogurt; desserts such ascustard pudding, jelly, bavarois, yogurt and cream; cooked foods such assoup, curry and stew; seasonings such as condensed soup for noodles,dressing and mayonnaise; bakery products such as bread and donuts; dailyproducts such as butter cream and margarine; fish paste products; etc.).

In certain embodiments, the disclosed subject matter provides for use ofthe compositions described herein in a consumer product as describedherein.

In certain embodiments, the fragrance compositions are formulated aspart of a product to reduce stress.

In certain embodiments, the fragrance compositions are formulated aspart of a product which is relaxing or sedating.

In certain embodiments, the subject disclosure relates to methods ofincorporating stress-reducing or inhibiting effects into a consumerproduct. In certain embodiments, methods include a) providing at leastone consumer product, and b) combining the consumer product with afragrance composition comprising at least one, two, three or more muskcompounds. For example, in one non-limiting embodiment a consumerproduct may be combined with a composition comprising 1-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)ethyl acetate, ((12E)-1-oxacyclohexadec-12-en-2-one),17-oxacycloheptadec-6-en-1-one, L-Muscone,3-methyl-5-((1R)-2,2,3-trimethylcyclopentyl)pentan-2-one,1-(1,1,2,3,3,6-hexamethyl-2H-inden-5-yl)ethanone,((E)-2-methyl-4-(2,2,3-trimethyl-1-cyclopent-3-enyl)but-2-en-1-ol).

In one embodiment, at least a fragrance composition comprising one, two,three or more musk compounds can be added to a consumer product, such asan air care product, to reduce the level of stress in a subject usingthe product as compared to the level of stress of a subject using aconsumer product which does not comprise the subject composition. Forexample, a composition comprising two musk compounds may be added to aconsumer product, such as air freshener, which is utilized by a subjectbefore exposure to a stressor and effectively reduces the subject'sstress. In other embodiments, the product may be utilized by a subjectduring or after exposure to a stressor, which effectively reduces thesubject's stress.

The concentration and/or amount of the fragrance composition admixedwith the consumer product to reduce or inhibit stress in a consumer canchange based on a number of variables, for example, the specificconsumer product, the physical form of the consumer product (e.g.,liquid, gas, or solid) and what fragrance compounds are already presentin the consumer product and the concentrations and/or amounts thereof.

A broad range of concentrations and/or amounts of the fragrancecomposition can be employed to reduce or inhibit the level of stress ina consumer. In certain embodiments of the present disclosure, thefragrance composition is admixed with a consumer product and thecomposition is present in the consumer product in an amount from about 1to about 9000 ppm, or from about 5 to about 7500 ppm, or from about 10to about 5000 ppm, or from about 50 to about 2500 ppm, or from about 100to 1000 ppm, or from about 250 to 500 ppm, and any value in between.

In certain embodiments of the present disclosure, the fragrancecomposition is admixed with a consumer product wherein the compositionis present in an amount from about 0.0001 to about 90% weight/weight(w/w), or from about 0.001 to about 75% w/w, or from about 1 to about50% w/w, or from about 5 to about 25% w/w, or from about 10 to about 15%w/w, and values in between.

In certain embodiments, the fragrance composition admixed with theconsumer product comprises the musk compound1-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)ethyl acetate,((12E)-1-oxacyclohexadec-12-en-2-one), 17-oxacycloheptadec-6-en-1-one,L-Muscone, 3-methyl-5-((1R)-2,2,3-trimethylcyclopentyl)pentan-2-one,1-(1,1,2,3,3,6-hexamethyl-2H-inden-5-yl)ethanone,((E)-2-methyl-4-(2,2,3-trimethyl-1-cyclopent-3-enyl)but-2-en-1-ol), or acombination thereof of at least two, or at least three musk compounds.

In certain embodiments, the fragrance composition additionally includesone or more bases, solvents and combinations thereof.

In certain embodiments, bases can include, but are not limited to,essential oils, lactones, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, nitriles,esters, amides, oximes, and other fragrant compounds and perfumingco-ingredients.

In certain embodiments, the solvents can include, but are not limitedto, diproplyene glycol, propylene glycol, dieth-phthalate (DEP),diisononyl phthalate (DINP), benzyl benzoate, benzyl alcohol, iso propylmyristate (IPM), isopropyl palmitate (IPP/Deltyl Prime), butyl stearate,dioctyl adipate, triethyl citrate, methyl hydrogenated rosinate (CAS No.8050-15-5), terpenes (e.g., Glidsol 100), paraffinic naphthenic solvent(e.g., LPA-170 Solvent), isoalkanes (e.g., Soltrol 170 Isoparaffin),isoparaffins, isooctadecanol, (e.g., Tego Alkanol 66), phenoxyethanol,diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (Carbitol low gravity), glycol ether(Methyl Carbitol), Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether (e.g., Dowanol DPM),Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate (e.g., Dowanol DPMA), Propyleneglycol methyl ether (e.g., Dowanol PM Glycol Ether), Tripropylene GlycolMethyl Ether, Diisoheptyl Phthalate (e.g., Jayflex® 77 available fromExxon), deionized or distilled water, specially denatured ethyl alcohol(e.g., SDA 40B), Dimethyl Adipate/Dimethyl Glutarate (e.g., DBE®-LVPEsters available from FLEXISOLV®), Racemic mixture(+/−)-2,2-dimethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane (e.g., Augo Clean MultiSolvent), Alcohol 40B Anhydrous 200 Proof, alcohol SDA 40B 190 Proof,Triacetin, 3-Methoxy-3-methyl-1-butanol (Solfit), Benzyl Laurate,Tripropylene Glycol Methyl Ether (e.g., Dowanol TPM), Dipropylene glycoln-butyl ether (e.g., Dowanol DPNB), Dimethyl siloxane,trimethylsiloxy-terminated (e.g., Dowanol Corning 200 Fluid),Caprylic/Capric Triglycerides (e.g., Neobee M-5), propylene glycol andglyceryl oleate (e.g., Arlacel 186), Uniceth-IC20L (e.g., Arlasolve 200L), propanediol, 1, 3, Butyl Cellosolve, Hexylene glycol, Glycerine, NMethyl Stearate, Isopropyl alcohol, 2-Methyl-1,3-propanediol (e.g., MPDiol Glycol), Diethyl Citrate, Triethyl Acetyl Citrate,Isopentyldiacetate (IPD-AC, Dimethyl 2-methylpentanedioate (e.g.,Rhodiasolv Iris), medium chain triglicyrides (MTC), terpene hydrocarbons(e.g., Dipentene 5100, DL-limonene (e.g., Dipentene 122),3,5,5-trimethylhexyl acetate, Diethyl Malonate, Limonene (e.g., UniteneD), cyclohexyl acetate, para-tertiary-butyl (e.g., Vertenex), EthylAcetate, Diethyl Succinate.

In certain embodiments, the presently disclosed subject matter includes:

a) A consumer product comprising a sufficient amount of at least onemusk compound selected from the group consisting of1-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)ethyl acetate,((12E)-1-oxacyclohexadec-12-en-2-one), 17-oxacycloheptadec-6-en-1-one,L-Muscone, 3-methyl-5-((1R)-2,2,3-trimethylcyclopentyl)pentan-2-one,1-(1,1,2,3,3,6-hexamethyl-2H-inden-5-yl)ethanone,((E)-2-methyl-4-(2,2,3-trimethyl-1-cyclopent-3-enyl)but-2-en-1-ol), andcombinations thereof to provide a concentration of said at least onemusk of at least 7 nanograms per cubic foot of air, preferably from 7.4nanograms per cubic foot of air to 28 nanograms per cubic foot of air,more preferably 7.4 nanograms per cubic foot of air to about 27.7nanograms per cubic foot of air, said consumer product being a fabricand home care product, baby care product, beauty care product, familycare product and/or a feminine care product is disclosed.b) The consumer product of Paragraph a), wherein the at least one muskcompound is selected from the group consisting of((12E)-1-oxacyclohexadec-12-en-2-one), and combinations thereof isdisclosed.c) The consumer product according to Paragraphs a) or b), said consumerproduct comprising, in addition to said at least one musk compound, oneor more fragrance raw materials is disclosed.d) The consumer product according to any of Paragraphs a) through c)wherein said at least one musk compound is provided, at least in part,by a fragrance delivery system, preferably said fragrance deliverysystem is selected from the group consisting of a Polymer AssistedDelivery (PAD) system, Molecule-Assisted Delivery (MAD) system,Cyclodextrin (CD) system, Starch Encapsulated Accord (SEA) system,Zeolite & Inorganic Carrier (ZIC) system, more preferably, said PolymerAssisted Delivery (PAD) system comprises a Polymer Assisted Delivery(PAD) Reservoir system, preferably said Polymer Assisted Delivery (PAD)Reservoir system comprises a fragrance delivery particle that comprisesa shell material and a core material, said shell material encapsulatingsaid core material, said core material comprising said at least one muskcompound and said shell comprising a material selected from the groupconsisting of polymethacrylates; polyethylenes; polyamides;polystyrenes; polyisoprenes; polycarbonates; polyesters; polyacrylates;aminoplasts, preferably said aminoplast comprises a polyureas,polyurethane, and/or polyureaurethane, preferably said polyureacomprises polyoxymethyleneurea and/or melamine formaldehyde, morepreferably said polyurea comprises melamine formaldehyde and/or crosslinked melamine formaldehyde; polyolefins; polysaccharides, alginateand/or chitosan; gelatin; shellac; epoxy resins; vinyl polymers; waterinsoluble inorganics; silicone; and mixtures thereof, preferably saidshell is coated by a water-soluble cationic polymer selected from thegroup that consists of polysaccharides, cationically modified starch andcationically modified guar, polysiloxanes, dimethyldiallylammoniumpolyhalogenides, copolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium polychloride andvinyl pyrrolidone, acrylamides, imidazoles, imidazolinium halogenidesand imidazolium halogenides and polyvinyl amine and its copolymers withN-vinyl formamide is disclosed.e) The consumer product according to any of Paragraphs a) through d),said consumer product comprising, based on total consumer productweight:

(i) from 0.1% to 99%, preferably from 1% to 80%, more preferably from 5%to 55%, most preferably from 10% to 50% of a solvent, preferably saidsolvent is selected from cyclopentasiloxane, ethanol, water, propyleneglycol, dipropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof; and

(ii) from 0% to 30%, preferably from 0% to 20%, more preferably from0.1% to 4%, most preferably from 0.1% to 4% of a material selected fromthe group consisting of a structurant, a residue masker, anantimicrobial, and mixtures thereof, is disclosed.

f) A consumer product according to any of Paragraphs a) through e), saidconsumer product comprising from 1% to 25% of an antiperspirant activeselected from the group consisting of astringent metallic salts,preferably inorganic and organic salts of aluminum, zirconium and zinc,as well as mixtures thereof, more preferably aluminum halides, aluminumchlorohydrate, aluminum hydroxyhalides, zirconyl oxyhalides, zirconylhydroxyhalides, and mixtures thereof is disclosed.g) A consumer product according to any of Paragraphs a) through c),wherein said consumer product is a device, preferably said device isselected from the group consisting of energized air fresheners and nonenergized air fresheners, more preferably said device is selected fromthe group consisting of:

(i) wick air fresheners;

(ii) reservoir air fresheners;

(iii) porous membrane air fresheners;

(iv) power assisted delivery air fresheners, preferably power assisteddelivery air fresheners selected from the group consisting of thermaldrop-on-demand air fresheners, piezo air fresheners, heater airfresheners, fan air fresheners, or microfluidic devices air fresheners;and

(v) spray devices

is disclosed.h) A consumer product according to any of Paragraphs a) through c),comprising an ingredient selected from the group consisting of builders,chelating agents, dye transfer inhibiting agents, dispersants, enzymes,and enzyme stabilizers, catalytic materials, bleach activators, hydrogenperoxide, sources of hydrogen peroxide, preformed peracids, polymericdispersing agents, clay soil removal/anti-redeposition agents,brighteners, suds suppressors, dyes, hueing dyes, fragrances, fragrancedelivery systems, structure elasticizing agents, carriers, structurants,hydrotropes, processing aids, solvents in addition to said solubilizingagent, a fabric softener active selected from the group consisting of asilicone polymer, a polysaccharide, a clay, a fatty ester, a dispersiblepolyolefin, a polymer latex and mixtures thereof, pigments, and mixturesthereofi) A consumer product according to any of Paragraphs a) through d), saidconsumer product comprising, based on total consumer product weight:

(i) from 0.1% to 99%, preferably from 1% to 80%, more preferably from 5%to 70%, most preferably from 10% to 50% of a solvent, preferably saidsolvent is selected from, water, glycerin, and mixtures thereof; and

(ii) from 0% to 50%, preferably from 0% to 40%, more preferably from0.1% to 30%, most preferably from 0.1% to 15% of a material selectedfrom the group consisting of a structurant, a humectant, a surfactant,an antimicrobial, and mixtures thereof

is disclosed.

j) A consumer product according to Paragraph i), said consumer productcomprising, based on consumer product weight, from 3% to 30% of asurfactant, and, optionally, a miscellar phase and/or lamellar phase isdisclosed.k) A consumer product according to Paragraph i), said consumer productcomprising, based on consumer product weight, from 0.1% to 50% of amaterial selected from structurants, humectants, fatty acids, inorganicsalts, antimicrobial agents, antimicrobial actives and mixtures thereofis disclosed.l) A consumer product according to any of Paragraphs i)-k), saidconsumer product comprising, an ingredient selected from the groupconsisting of clay mineral powders, pearl pigments, organic powders,emulsifiers, distributing agents, pharmaceutical active, topical active,preservatives, surfactants and mixtures thereof is disclosed.m) A method of reducing or inhibiting a stress response in a subject inneed thereof comprising: using the consumer product of any one ofParagraphs a) through 1) in an amount effective to reduce or inhibit aresponse to stress stimuli is disclosed.n) The method of Paragraph m), wherein the composition is used beforeexposure to the stress stimuli is disclosed.

5. Reduction or Inhibition of Stress

In certain embodiments, the compositions of the presently disclosedsubject matter are administered in an amount effective to reduce orinhibit stress in a subject.

5.1 Methods of Composition Administration

In certain embodiments of the present disclosure, the compositioncomprising one or more musk compounds is administered to a subject priorto, during, or after exposure to a stressor to reduce or inhibit thesubject's stress level.

In one non-limiting embodiment, the composition is administered to asubject through gaseous or volatile form. In these embodiments, thecomposition is administered intranasally or by inhalation. In certainembodiments, the subject inhales the composition directly or indirectly.

In further embodiments, the composition is administered via a consumerproduct. In one non-limiting example, the composition is admixed with aconsumer product. The subject then uses the consumer product comprisingthe composition. Depending on the use of the consumer product, thesubject is exposed to the fragrance composition.

In a specific embodiment, the composition is released into the areasurrounding the subject and the subject then inhales the composition. Inone non-limiting example, the composition is released into the air by aconsumer product, such as an air freshener.

In certain embodiments of the present disclosure, the amount of thecomposition released from the consumer product is less than the totalconcentration of the composition admixed with the consumer product. Incertain embodiments, the amount of the composition released by theconsumer product, and therefore available for administration to thesubject, is between about 1 and 100% of the amount of compositionadmixed with the consumer product. In further embodiments, the amount ofcomposition released is between about 5 and 90%, between about 10 and80%, between about 20 and 70%, between about 30 and 60%, and betweenabout 40 and 50% of the amount of composition admixed with the consumerproduct.

5.2 Methods of Measuring Stress Relief

In certain embodiments, the compositions of the presently disclosedsubject matter are administered in an amount effective to reduce orinhibit stress in a subject as determined by measuring the levels ofspecific hormones in a subject. In certain embodiments, the compositionis incorporated into a consumer product, as discussed above, which isutilized by a subject before, during, or after exposure to a stressor.

5.2.1 Biomarkers

In certain embodiments, the compositions of the presently disclosedsubject matter are administered to a subject, a stressor is applied, andspecific biomarkers are measured to determine the level of stressreduction or inhibition.

In specific embodiments, the compositions of the presently disclosedsubject matter are effective at reducing or inhibiting stress if achange in cortisol, or salivary amylase, or both are detected.

5.2.1.1 Cortisol

Cortisol is released by the body as part of a longer term response tostress, resulting from the activation of thehypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. A change in cortisol levelstherefore indicates an subject's reaction, or lack therefor, to astressor.

Accordingly, in certain embodiments of the subject disclosure, salivarycortisol levels are measured as biomarkers to determine a subject'sreaction, or lack thereof, to a stressor. A reduction in, or maintenanceof, the level of biomarker indicates that the composition reduced orinhibited stress in a subject. In certain embodiments, the subject'slevel of salivary cortisol is measure before and after the applicationof a stressor. In certain embodiments the salivary cortisol level ismeasured, the composition is administered, the stressor is applied andthen the salivary cortisol level is measured again. The percent changein the salivary cortisol level can then be calculated.

In certain embodiments, the composition is administered to a subject inan amount effective to reduce or maintain the level of salivary cortisolin the subject when the subject is exposed to a stressor as compared tothe level of salivary cortisol in the subject before exposure to thestressor. In certain embodiments, the reduction in the level of salivarycortisol is between about 1 and about 100%, or between about 2 and about75%, or between about 5 and about 50%, or between about 10 and about45%, or between about 15 and about 40%, or between about 20 and about35%, or between about 25 and about 30%. In certain embodiments, thereduction in the level of salivary cortisol is between about 1 and about50%, or between about 1 and about 40%, or between about 1 and about 30%,or between about 1 and about 20%, or between about 1 and about 10%, orbetween about 1 and about 5%.

5.2.1.2 Alpha-Amylase

Salivary alpha-amylase is a digestive enzyme produced in and releasedfrom the saliva glands. Levels of salivary alpha-amylase increase inresponse to psychological and physical stress through interactions withthe autonomic nervous system. Accordingly, in certain embodiments of thesubject disclosure, salivary alpha-amylase levels are measured todetermine an subject's reaction, or lack thereof, to a stressor. Areduction in, or maintenance of, the level of salivary alpha-amylaseindicates that the composition reduced or inhibited stress in a subject.In certain embodiments, the subject's level of salivary alpha-amylase ismeasured before and after the application of a stressor. In certainembodiments the salivary alpha-amylase level is measured, thecomposition is administered, the stressor is applied and then thesalivary alpha-amylase level is measured again. The percent change inthe salivary alpha-amylase level can then be calculated.

In certain embodiments, the composition is administered to a subject inan amount effective to reduce the level of salivary alpha-amylase in thesubject when the subject is exposed to a stressor as compared to thelevel of salivary alpha-amylase in the subject before, during, or afterexposure to the stressor.

In certain embodiments, the reduction in the level of salivaryalpha-amylase is between about 15 and about 200%, or between about 20and about 180%, or between about 25 and about 160%, or between about 30and about 140%, or between about 35 and about 120%, or between about 40and about 115%, or between about 45 and about 110%, or between about 50and about 105%, or between about 50 and about 100%, or between about 55and about 95%, or between about 60 and about 90%, or between about 65and about 85%, or between about 70 and about 80%.

In certain embodiments, the reduction in the level of salivaryalpha-amylase is at least about 2%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%,about 15%, or about 20%.

In certain embodiments, the reduction in the level of salivaryalpha-amylase is between about 2% and about 100%, or between about 2%and about 75%, or between about 2% and about 50%, or between about 2%and about 40%, or between about 2% and about 30%, or between about 2%and about 20%, or between about 5% and about 20%.

6. Fragrance Delivery Systems

The benefits of the musks disclosed herein may be further enhanced byemploying a delivery system to apply such musks. Non-limiting examplesof suitable delivery systems, methods of making delivery systems and theuses of such delivery systems are disclosed in U.S. Patent publicationno. 2007/0275866 A1. Such delivery systems include the following.

Polymer Assisted Delivery (PAD):

This fragrance delivery technology uses polymeric materials to deliverfragrance materials. Classical coacervation, water soluble or partlysoluble to insoluble charged or neutral polymers, liquid crystals, hotmelts, hydrogels, fragranced plastics, microcapsules, nano- andmicro-latexes, polymeric film formers, and polymeric absorbents,polymeric adsorbents, etc. are some examples. PAD includes but is notlimited to:

Matrix Systems:

The fragrance is dissolved or dispersed in a polymer matrix or particle.Fragrances, for example, may be 1) dispersed into the polymer prior toformulating into the product or 2) added separately from the polymerduring or after formulation of the product. Diffusion of fragrance fromthe polymer is a common trigger that allows or increases the rate offragrance release from a polymeric matrix system that is deposited orapplied to the desired surface (situs), although many other triggers areknown that may control fragrance release. Absorption and/or adsorptioninto or onto polymeric particles, films, solutions, and the like areaspects of this technology. Nano- or micro-particles composed of organicmaterials (e.g., latexes) are examples. Suitable particles include awide range of materials including, but not limited to polyacetal,polyacrylate, polyacrylic, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide,polyaryletherketone, polybutadiene, polybutylene, polybutyleneterephthalate, polychloroprene, polyethylene, polyethyleneterephthalate, polycyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate,polycarbonate, polychloroprene, polyhydroxyalkanoate, polyketone,polyester, polyetherimide, polyethersulfone, polyethylenechlorinates,polyimide, polyisoprene, polylactic acid, polymethylpentene,polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphthalamide,polypropylene, polystyrene, polysulfone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylchloride, as well as polymers or copolymers based onacrylonitrile-butadiene, cellulose acetate, ethylene-vinyl acetate,ethylene vinyl alcohol, styrene-butadiene, vinyl acetate-ethylene, andmixtures thereof.

“Standard” systems refer to those that are “pre-loaded” with the intentof keeping the pre-loaded fragrance associated with the polymer untilthe moment or moments of fragrance release. Such polymers may alsosuppress the neat product odor and provide a bloom and/or longevitybenefit depending on the rate of fragrance release. One challenge withsuch systems is to achieve the ideal balance between 1) in-productstability (keeping fragrance inside carrier until you need it) and 2)timely release (during use or from dry situs). Achieving such stabilityis particularly important during in-product storage and product aging.This challenge is particularly apparent for aqueous-based,surfactant-containing products, such as heavy duty liquid laundrydetergents. Many “Standard” matrix systems available effectively become“Equilibrium” systems when formulated into aqueous-based products. Onemay select an “Equilibrium” system or a Reservoir system, which hasacceptable in-product diffusion stability and available triggers forrelease (e.g., friction). “Equilibrium” systems are those in which thefragrance and polymer may be added separately to the product, and theequilibrium interaction between fragrance and polymer leads to a benefitat one or more consumer touch points (versus a free fragrance controlthat has no polymer-assisted delivery technology). The polymer may alsobe pre-loaded with fragrance; however, part or all of the fragrance maydiffuse during in-product storage reaching an equilibrium that includeshaving desired perfume raw materials (PRMs) associated with the polymer.The polymer then carries the fragrance to the surface, and releases ittypically via fragrance diffusion. The use of such equilibrium systempolymers has the potential to decrease the odor intensity of the neatproduct (usually more so in the case of pre-loaded standard systems).Deposition of such polymers may serve to “flatten” the release profileand provide increased longevity. As indicated above, such longevitywould be achieved by suppressing the initial intensity and may enablethe formulator to use more high impact or low odor detection threshold(ODT) or low Kovats Index (KI) PRMs to achieve FMOT benefits withoutinitial intensity that is too strong or distorted. It is important thatfragrance release occurs within the time frame of the application toimpact the desired consumer touch point or touch points. Matrix systemsalso include hot melt adhesives and fragrance plastics. In addition,hydrophobically modified polysaccharides may be formulated into thefragranced product to increase fragrance deposition and/or modifyfragrance release. All such matrix systems, including for examplepolysaccharides and nanolatexes may be combined with other PDTs,including other PAD systems such as PAD reservoir systems in the form ofa perfume microcapsule (PMC).

Silicones are also examples of polymers that may be used as PDT, and canprovide fragrance benefits in a manner similar to the polymer-assisteddelivery “matrix system”. Such a PDT is referred to as silicone-assisteddelivery (SAD). One may pre-load silicones with fragrance, or use themas an equilibrium system as described for PAD. Examples of siliconesinclude polydimethylsiloxane and polyalkyldimethylsiloxanes. Otherexamples include those with amine functionality, which may be used toprovide benefits associated with amine-assisted delivery (AAD) and/orpolymer-assisted delivery (PAD) and/or amine-reaction products (ARP).

Reservoir Systems:

Reservoir systems are also known as a core-shell type technology, or onein which the fragrance is surrounded by a fragrance release controllingmembrane, which may serve as a protective shell. The material inside themicrocapsule is referred to as the core, internal phase, or fill,whereas the wall is sometimes called a shell, coating, or membrane.Microparticles or pressure sensitive capsules or microcapsules areexamples of this technology. Microcapsules of the current invention areformed by a variety of procedures that include, but are not limited to,coating, extrusion, spray-drying, interfacial, in-situ and matrixpolymerization. The possible shell materials vary widely in theirstability toward water. Among the most stable are polyoxymethyleneurea(PMU)-based materials, which may hold certain PRMs for even long periodsof time in aqueous solution (or product). Such systems include but arenot limited to urea-formaldehyde and/or melamine-formaldehyde.Gelatin-based microcapsules may be prepared so that they dissolvequickly or slowly in water, depending for example on the degree ofcross-linking. Many other capsule wall materials are available and varyin the degree of fragrance diffusion stability observed. Without wishingto be bound by theory, the rate of release of fragrance from a capsule,for example, once deposited on a surface is typically in reverse orderof in-product fragrance diffusion stability. As such, urea-formaldehydeand melamine-formaldehyde microcapsules for example, typically require arelease mechanism other than, or in addition to, diffusion for release,such as mechanical force (e.g., friction, pressure, shear stress) thatserves to break the capsule and increase the rate of perfume (fragrance)release. Other triggers include melting, dissolution, hydrolysis orother chemical reaction, electromagnetic radiation, and the like. Theuse of pre-loaded microcapsules requires the proper ratio of in-productstability and in-use and/or on-surface (on-situs) release, as well asproper selection of PRMs. Microcapsules that are based onurea-formaldehyde and/or melamine-formaldehyde are relatively stable,especially in near neutral aqueous-based solutions. These materials mayrequire a friction trigger which may not be applicable to all productapplications. Other microcapsule materials (e.g., gelatin) may beunstable in aqueous-based products and may even provide reduced benefit(versus free perfume control) when in-product aged. Scratch and snifftechnologies are yet another example of PAD.

Molecule-Assisted Delivery (MAD):

Non-polymer materials or molecules may also serve to improve thedelivery of fragrance. Without wishing to be bound by theory, fragrancemay non-covalently interact with organic materials, resulting in altereddeposition and/or release. Non-limiting examples of such organicmaterials include but are not limited to hydrophobic materials such asorganic oils, waxes, mineral oils, petrolatum, fatty acids or esters,sugars, surfactants, liposomes and even other fragrance raw material(perfume oils), as well as natural oils, including body and/or othersoils. Perfume fixatives are yet another example. In one aspect,non-polymeric materials or molecules have a CLogP greater than about 2.

Cyclodextrin (CD):

This technology approach uses a cyclic oligosaccharide or cyclodextrinto improve the delivery of fragrance. Typically a fragrance andcyclodextrin (CD) complex is formed. Such complexes may be preformed,formed in-situ, or formed on or in the situs. Without wishing to bebound by theory, loss of water may serve to shift the equilibrium towardthe CD-Fragrance complex, especially if other adjunct ingredients (e.g.,surfactant) are not present at high concentration to compete with thefragrance for the cyclodextrin cavity. A bloom benefit may be achievedif water exposure or an increase in moisture content occurs at a latertime point. In addition, cyclodextrin allows the fragrance formulatorincreased flexibility in selection of PRMs. Cyclodextrin may bepre-loaded with fragrance or added separately from fragrance to obtainthe desired fragrance stability, deposition or release benefit.

Starch Encapsulated Accord (SEA):

The use of a starch encapsulated accord (SEA) technology allows one tomodify the properties of the fragrance, for example, by converting aliquid fragrance into a solid by adding ingredients such as starch. Thebenefit includes increased fragrance retention during product storage,especially under non-aqueous conditions. Upon exposure to moisture, afragrance bloom may be triggered. Benefits at other moments of truth mayalso be achieved because the starch allows the product formulator toselect PRMs or PRM concentrations that normally cannot be used withoutthe presence of SEA. Another technology example includes the use ofother organic and inorganic materials, such as silica to convertfragrance from liquid to solid.

Zeolite & Inorganic Carrier (ZIC):

This technology relates to the use of porous zeolites or other inorganicmaterials to deliver fragrances. Perfume-loaded zeolite may be used withor without adjunct ingredients used for example to coat theperfume-loaded zeolite (PLZ) to change its perfume release propertiesduring product storage or during use or from the dry situs. Silica isanother form of ZIC. Another example of a suitable inorganic carrierincludes inorganic tubules, where the perfume or other active materialis contained within the lumen of the nano- or micro-tubules. Preferably,the perfume-loaded inorganic tubule (or Perfume-Loaded Tubule or PLT) isa mineral nano- or micro-tubule, such as halloysite or mixtures ofhalloysite with other inorganic materials, including other clays. ThePLT technology may also comprise additional ingredients on the insideand/or outside of the tubule for the purpose of improving in-productdiffusion stability, deposition on the desired situs or for controllingthe release rate of the loaded fragrance. Monomeric and/or polymericmaterials, including starch encapsulation, may be used to coat, plug,cap, or otherwise encapsulate the PLT.

In one aspect, a fragrance delivery system selected from the groupconsisting of a Polymer Assisted Delivery (PAD) system,Molecule-Assisted Delivery (MAD) system, Cyclodextrin (CD) system,Starch Encapsulated Accord (SEA) system, Zeolite & Inorganic Carrier(ZIC) system, wherein said fragrance delivery system may comprise afragrance disclosed in this specification, for example a fragranceselected from the fragrances disclosed in the fragrance section of thisspecification, is disclosed.

In one aspect, a Polymer Assisted Delivery (PAD) system wherein saidPolymer Assisted Delivery (PAD) system may comprise a Polymer AssistedDelivery (PAD) Reservoir system that may comprise a fragrance disclosedin this specification, for example a fragrance selected from thefragrances disclosed in the fragrance section of this specification, isdisclosed.

In one aspect of, said Polymer Assisted Delivery (PAD) Reservoir systemsaid Polymer Assisted Delivery (PAD) Reservoir system may comprise afragrance delivery particle that may comprise a shell material and acore material, said shell material encapsulating said core material,said core material may comprise a fragrance disclosed in thisspecification, for example a fragrance selected from the fragrancesdisclosed in the fragrance section of this specification, and said shellcomprising a material selected from the group consisting ofpolyethylenes; polyamides; polystyrenes; polyisoprenes; polycarbonates;polyesters; polyacrylates; aminoplasts, in one aspect said aminoplastcomprises a polyurea, polyurethane, and/or polyureaurethane, in oneaspect said polyurea comprises polyoxymethyleneurea and/or melamineformaldehyde; polyolefins; polysaccharides, in one aspect alginateand/or chitosan; gelatin; shellac; epoxy resins; vinyl polymers; waterinsoluble inorganics; silicone; and mixtures thereof.

In one aspect, of said Polymer Assisted Delivery (PAD) Reservoir systemsaid shell may comprise melamine formaldehyde and/or cross linkedmelamine formaldehyde.

In one aspect of said Polymer Assisted Delivery (PAD) Reservoir systemsaid shell may be coated by a water-soluble cationic polymer selectedfrom the group that consists of polysaccharides, cationically modifiedstarch and cationically modified guar, polysiloxanes,dimethyldiallylammonium polyhalogenides, copolymers ofdimethyldiallylammonium polychloride and vinyl pyrrolidone, acrylamides,imidazoles, imidazolinium halogenides and imidazolium halogenides andpolyvinyl amine and its copolymers with N-vinyl formamide.

In one aspect of said Polymer Assisted Delivery (PAD) Reservoir systemsaid coating that coats said shell, may comprise a cationic polymer andan anionic polymer.

In one aspect of said Polymer Assisted Delivery (PAD) Reservoir systemwherein said cationic polymer may comprise hydroxyl ethyl cellulose; andsaid anionic polymer may comprise carboxyl methyl cellulose.

In one aspect, said Polymer Assisted Delivery (PAD) Reservoir system isa fragrance microcapsule.

Process of Making Encapsulates.

Suitable processes of making encapsulates as well as suitable shellmaterials are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,869,923 B1 and U.S. PublishedPatent Applications Nos. 2005/0276831 A1 and 2007/020263 A1. Suitableequipment for use in the processes disclosed herein may includecontinuous stirred tank reactors, homogenizers, turbine agitators,recirculating pumps, paddle mixers, ploughshear mixers, ribbon blenders,vertical axis granulators and drum mixers, both in batch and, whereavailable, in continuous process configurations, spray dryers, andextruders. Such equipment can be obtained from Lodige GmbH (Paderborn,Germany), Littleford Day, Inc. (Florence, Ky., U.S.A.), Forberg AS(Larvik, Norway), Glatt Ingenieurtechnik GmbH (Weimar, Germany), Niro(Soeborg, Denmark), Hosokawa Bepex Corp. (Minneapolis, Minn., U.S.A.),Arde Barinco (New Jersey, U.S.A.).

Adjunct Materials.

While not essential for each consumer product embodiment of the presentinvention, the non-limiting list of adjuncts illustrated hereinafter aresuitable for use in the instant consumer products and may be desirablyincorporated in certain embodiments of the invention, for example toassist or enhance performance, for treatment of the substrate to becleaned, or to modify the aesthetics of the composition as is the casewith fragrances, colorants, dyes or the like. The precise nature ofthese additional components, and levels of incorporation thereof, willdepend on the physical form of the composition and the nature of theoperation for which it is to be used. Such adjunct are in addition tothe fragrances and/or fragrance delivery systems previously disclosedherein. Suitable adjunct materials include, but are not limited to,surfactants, builders, chelating agents, dye transfer inhibiting agents,dispersants, enzymes, and enzyme stabilizers, catalytic materials,bleach activators, polymeric dispersing agents, clay soilremoval/anti-redeposition agents, brighteners, suds suppressors, dyes,additional fragrance and fragrance delivery systems, structureelasticizing agents, thickeners/structurants, fabric softeners,carriers, hydrotropes, processing aids and/or pigments.

As stated, the adjunct ingredients are not essential for each consumerproduct embodiment of the present invention. Thus, certain embodimentsof the compositions do not contain one or more of the following adjunctsmaterials: bleach activators, surfactants, builders, chelating agents,dye transfer inhibiting agents, dispersants, enzymes, and enzymestabilizers, catalytic metal complexes, polymeric dispersing agents,clay and soil removal/anti-redeposition agents, brighteners, sudssuppressors, dyes, additional fragrances and fragrance delivery systems,structure elasticizing agents, thickeners/structurants, fabricsofteners, carriers, hydrotropes, processing aids and/or pigments.However, when one or more adjuncts is present, such one or more adjunctsmay be present as detailed below:

Surfactants. The compositions according to the present invention cancomprise a surfactant or surfactant system wherein the surfactant can beselected from nonionic and/or anionic and/or cationic surfactants and/orampholytic and/or zwitterionic and/or semi-polar nonionic surfactants.The surfactant is typically present at a level of from about 0.1%, fromabout 1%, or even from about 5% by weight of the cleaning compositionsto about 99.9%, to about 80%, to about 35%, or even to about 30% byweight of the cleaning compositions.

Builders. The compositions of the present invention can comprise one ormore detergent builders or builder systems. When present, thecompositions will typically comprise at least about 1% builder, or fromabout 5% or 10% to about 80%, 50%, or even 30% by weight, of saidbuilder. Builders include, but are not limited to, the alkali metal,ammonium and alkanolammonium salts of polyphosphates, alkali metalsilicates, alkaline earth and alkali metal carbonates, aluminosilicatebuilders, polycarboxylate compounds, ether hydroxypolycarboxylates,copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethylene or vinyl methyl ether,1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene-2,4,6-trisulphonic acid, andcarboxymethyl-oxysuccinic acid, the various alkali metal, ammonium andsubstituted ammonium salts of polyacetic acids such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and nitrilotriacetic acid, as well as polycarboxylatessuch as mellitic acid, succinic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, polymaleicacid, benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid,and soluble salts thereof.

Chelating Agents. The compositions herein may also optionally containone or more copper, iron and/or manganese chelating agents. If utilized,chelating agents will generally comprise from about 0.1% by weight ofthe compositions herein to about 15%, or even from about 3.0% to about15% by weight of the compositions herein.

Dye Transfer Inhibiting Agents. The compositions of the presentinvention may also include one or more dye transfer inhibiting agents.Suitable polymeric dye transfer inhibiting agents include, but are notlimited to, polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers, polyamine N-oxide polymers,copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole,polyvinyloxazolidones and polyvinylimidazoles or mixtures thereof. Whenpresent in the compositions herein, the dye transfer inhibiting agentsare present at levels from about 0.0001%, from about 0.01%, from about0.05% by weight of the cleaning compositions to about 10%, about 2%, oreven about 1% by weight of the cleaning compositions.

Dispersants. The compositions of the present invention can also containdispersants. Suitable water-soluble organic materials are the homo- orco-polymeric acids or their salts, in which the polycarboxylic acid maycomprise at least two carboxyl radicals separated from each other by notmore than two carbon atoms.

Enzymes. The compositions can comprise one or more detergent enzymeswhich provide cleaning performance and/or fabric care benefits. Examplesof suitable enzymes include, but are not limited to, hemicellulases,peroxidases, proteases, cellulases, xylanases, lipases, phospholipases,esterases, cutinases, pectinases, keratanases, reductases, oxidases,phenoloxidases, lipoxygenases, ligninases, pullulanases, tannases,pentosanases, malanases, β-glucanases, arabinosidases, hyaluronidase,chondroitinase, laccase, and amylases, or mixtures thereof. A typicalcombination is a cocktail of conventional applicable enzymes likeprotease, lipase, cutinase and/or cellulase in conjunction with amylase.

Enzyme Stabilizers. Enzymes for use in compositions, for example,detergents can be stabilized by various techniques. The enzymes employedherein can be stabilized by the presence of water-soluble sources ofcalcium and/or magnesium ions in the finished compositions that providesuch ions to the enzymes.

Catalytic Metal Complexes. The compositions may include catalytic metalcomplexes. One type of metal-containing bleach catalyst is a catalystsystem comprising a transition metal cation of defined bleach catalyticactivity, such as copper, iron, titanium, ruthenium, tungsten,molybdenum, or manganese cations, an auxiliary metal cation havinglittle or no bleach catalytic activity, such as zinc or aluminumcations, and a sequestrate having defined stability constants for thecatalytic and auxiliary metal cations, particularlyethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetra(methyl-enephosphonic acid) and water-soluble salts thereof.

If desired, the compositions herein can be catalyzed by means of amanganese compound. Such compounds and levels of use are well known inthe art.

Compositions herein may also suitably include a transition metal complexof a macropolycyclic rigid ligand—abbreviated as “MRL”. As a practicalmatter, and not by way of limitation, the compositions and cleaningprocesses herein can be adjusted to provide on the order of at least onepart per hundred million of the benefit agent MRL species in the aqueouswashing medium, and may provide from about 0.005 ppm to about 25 ppm,from about 0.05 ppm to about 10 ppm, or even from about 0.1 ppm to about5 ppm, of the MRL in the wash liquor.

Preferred transition-metals in the instant transition-metal bleachcatalyst include manganese, iron and chromium. Preferred MRL's hereinare a special type of ultra-rigid ligand that is cross-bridged such as5,12-diethyl-1,5,8,12-tetraazabicyclo[6.6.2]hexa-decane.

Rheology Modifier.

The liquid compositions of the present invention may comprise a rheologymodifier. The rheology modifier may be selected from the groupconsisting of non-polymeric crystalline, hydroxy-functional materials,polymeric rheology modifiers which impart shear thinning characteristicsto the aqueous liquid matrix of the composition. In one aspect, suchrheology modifiers impart to the aqueous liquid composition a high shearviscosity, at 20 sec-1 shear rate and at 21° C., of from 1 to 7000 cpsand a viscosity at low shear (0.5 sec-1 shear rate at 21° C.) of greaterthan 1000 cps, or even 1000 cps to 200,000 cps. In one aspect, forcleaning and treatment compositions, such rheology modifiers impart tothe aqueous liquid composition a high shear viscosity, at 20 sec-1 andat 21° C., of from 50 to 3000 cps and a viscosity at low shear (0.5sec-1 shear rate at 21° C.) of greater than 1000 cps, or even 1000 cpsto 200,000 cps. Viscosity according to the present invention is measuredusing an AR 2000 rheometer from TA instruments using a plate steelspindle having a plate diameter of 40 mm and a gap size of 500 μm. Thehigh shear viscosity at 20 sec-1 and low shear viscosity at 0.5 sec-1can be obtained from a logarithmic shear rate sweep from 0.1 sec-1 to 25sec-1 in 3 minutes time at 21° C. Crystalline hydroxyl functionalmaterials are rheology modifiers which form thread-like structuringsystems throughout the matrix of the composition upon in situcrystallization in the matrix. Polymeric rheology modifiers arepreferably selected from polyacrylates, polymeric gums, other non-gumpolysaccharides, and combinations of these polymeric materials.

Generally the rheology modifier will comprise from 0.01% to 1% byweight, preferably from 0.05% to 0.75% by weight, more preferably from0.1% to 0.5% by weight, of the compositions herein.

Structuring agents which are especially useful in the compositions ofthe present invention may comprise non-polymeric (except forconventional alkoxylation), crystalline hydroxy-functional materialswhich can form thread-like structuring systems throughout the liquidmatrix when they are crystallized within the matrix in situ. Suchmaterials can be generally characterized as crystalline,hydroxyl-containing fatty acids, fatty esters or fatty waxes. In oneaspect, rheology modifiers include crystalline, hydroxyl-containingrheology modifiers include castor oil and its derivatives. In oneaspect, rheology modifiers include hydrogenated castor oil derivativessuch as hydrogenated castor oil and hydrogenated castor wax.Commercially available, castor oil-based, crystalline,hydroxyl-containing rheology modifiers include THIXCIN™ from Rheox, Inc.(now Elementis).

Other types of rheology modifiers, besides the non-polymeric,crystalline, hydroxyl-containing rheology modifiers describedheretofore, may be utilized in the liquid detergent compositions herein.Polymeric materials which provide shear-thinning characteristics to theaqueous liquid matrix may also be employed.

Suitable polymeric rheology modifiers include those of the polyacrylate,polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative type. Polysaccharidederivatives typically used as rheology modifiers comprise polymeric gummaterials. Such gums include pectine, alginate, arabinogalactan (gumArabic), carrageenan, gellan gum, xanthan gum and guar gum.

If polymeric rheology modifiers are employed herein, a preferredmaterial of this type is gellan gum. Gellan gum is aheteropolysaccharide prepared by fermentation of Pseudomonaselodea ATCC31461. Gellan gum is commercially marketed by CP Kelco U.S., Inc. underthe KELCOGEL tradename.

A further alternative and suitable rheology modifier include acombination of a solvent and a polycarboxylate polymer. Morespecifically the solvent may be an alkylene glycol. In one aspect, thesolvent may comprise dipropylene glycol. In one aspect, thepolycarboxylate polymer may comprise a polyacrylate, polymethacrylate ormixtures thereof. In one aspect, solvent may be present, based on totalcomposition weight, at a level of from 0.5% to 15%, or from 2% to 9% ofthe composition. In one aspect, polycarboxylate polymer may be present,based on total composition weight, at a level of from 0.1% to 10%, orfrom 2% to 5%. In one aspect, the solvent component may comprise mixtureof dipropylene glycol and 1,2-propanediol. In one aspect, the ratio ofdipropylene glycol to 1,2-propanediol may be 3:1 to 1:3, or even 1:1. Inone aspect, the polyacrylate may comprise a copolymer of unsaturatedmono- or di-carbonic acid and C₁-C₃₀ alkyl ester of the (meth) acrylicacid. In another aspect, the rheology modifier may comprise apolyacrylate of unsaturated mono- or di-carbonic acid and C₁-C₃₀ alkylester of the (meth) acrylic acid. Such copolymers are available fromNoveon Inc. under the tradename Carbopol Aqua 30®.

In the absence of rheology modifier and in order to impart the desiredshear thinning characteristics to the liquid composition, the liquidcomposition can be internally structured through surfactant phasechemistry or gel phases.

7. Processes of Making and Using Consumer Products

The embodiments of consumer products of the present invention can beformulated into any suitable form and prepared by any process chosen bythe formulator, non-limiting examples of which are described in U.S.Pat. No. 5,879,584; which is incorporated herein by reference.

7.1 Fabric/Home Care Cleaning and/or Treatment Compositions

In one aspect of the presently disclosed consumer product, said consumerproduct is a cleaning and/or treatment composition, said compositiontypically comprises an ingredient selected from the group consisting ofbuilders, chelating agents, dye transfer inhibiting agents, dispersants,enzymes, and enzyme stabilizers, catalytic materials, bleach activators,hydrogen peroxide, sources of hydrogen peroxide, preformed peracids,polymeric dispersing agents, clay soil removal/anti-redeposition agents,brighteners, suds suppressors, dyes, hueing dyes, fragrances, fragrancedelivery systems, structure elasticizing agents, carriers, structurants,hydrotropes, processing aids, solvents in addition to said solubilizingagent, a fabric softener active selected from the group consisting of asilicone polymer, a polysaccharide, a clay, a fatty ester, a dispersiblepolyolefin, a polymer latex and mixtures thereof, pigments, and mixturesthereof, preferably said composition comprises an organic acid,preferably citric acid and/or lactic acid, hydrogenated castor oil,ethoxylated polyethleneimines, preferably PEI 600 EO 20 and/or PEI 600,an enzyme, preferably a cold water amylase, cold water protease and/orxylogluconase.

In one aspect of the cleaning and/or treatment composition, saidcleaning and/or treatment composition comprises a fabric softener activeis selected from the group consisting of a quaternary ammonium compound,a silicone polymer, a polysaccharide, a clay, an amine, a fatty ester, adispersible polyolefin, a polymer latex and mixtures thereof, preferably

-   -   a. said quaternary ammonium compound comprises an alkyl        quaternary ammonium compound, preferably said alkyl quaternary        ammonium compound is selected from the group consisting of a        monoalkyl quaternary ammonium compound, a dialkyl quaternary        ammonium compound, a trialkyl quaternary ammonium compound and        mixtures thereof;    -   b. said silicone polymer is selected from the group consisting        of cyclic silicones, polydimethylsiloxanes, aminosilicones,        cationic silicones, silicone polyethers, silicone resins,        silicone urethanes, and mixtures thereof;    -   c. said polysaccharide comprises a cationic starch;    -   d. said clay comprises a smectite clay;    -   e. said dispersible polyolefin is selected from the group        consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene and mixtures thereof;        and    -   f. said fatty ester is selected from the group consisting of a        polyglycerol ester, a sucrose ester, a glycerol ester and        mixtures thereof.

In one aspect of the cleaning and/or treatment composition, saidcleaning and/or treatment composition comprises a fabric softener activecomprising a material selected from the group consisting ofmonoesterquats, diesterquats, triesterquats, and mixtures thereof,preferably, said monoesterquats and diesterquats are selected from thegroup consisting of bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)-dimethylammonium methylsulfatefatty acid ester and isomers of bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)-dimethylammoniummethylsulfate fatty acid ester and/or mixtures thereof,1,2-di(acyloxy)-3-trimethylammoniopropane chloride,N,N-bis(stearoyl-oxy-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride,N,N-bis(tallowoyl-oxy-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride,N,N-bis(stearoyl-oxy-ethyl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl ammonium methylsulfate, N,N-bis-(stearoyl-2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium methylsulfate, N,N-bis-(tallowoyl-2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium methylsulfate, N,N-bis-(palmitoyl-2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium methylsulfate, N,N-bis-(stearoyl-2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N-dimethylammoniumchloride, 1,2-di-(stearoyl-oxy)-3-trimethyl ammoniumpropane chloride,dicanoladimethylammonium chloride, di(hard)tallowdimethylammoniumchloride, dicanoladimethylammonium methyl sulfate,1-methyl-1-stearoylamidoethyl-2-stearoylimidazolinium methyl sulfate,1-tallowylamidoethyl-2-tallowylimidazoline, dipalmylmethylhydroxyethylammoinum methylsulfate and mixtures thereof.

In one aspect of the cleaning and/or treatment composition, saidcomposition comprises a quaternary ammonium compound and a siliconepolymer, preferably said composition comprises from 0.001% to 10%, from0.1% to 8%, more preferably from 0.5% to 5%, of said silicone polymer.

In one aspect of the cleaning and/or treatment composition, said fabricsoftening active has an Iodine Value of between 0-140, preferably 5-100,more preferably 10-80, even more preferably, 15-70, most preferably18-25 or when said fabric softening active comprises a partiallyhydrogenated fatty acid quaternary ammonium compound said fabricsoftening active most preferably has a Iodine Value of 25-60.

In one aspect of the cleaning and/or treatment composition, saidcleaning and/or treatment composition is a soluble unit-dose productsaid soluble unit dose product comprising one or more cleaning and/ortreatment compositions contained within one or more chambers saidchambers being formed from one or more films, preferably said one ormore films comprise PVA film.

7.2 Antiperspirant Compositions

Antiperspirant compositions can be formulated in many forms. For examplean antiperspirant composition can be, without limitation, a roll onproduct, a body spray, a stick including soft solid sticks and invisiblesolids, or an aerosol. Each of the antiperspirant compositions describedbelow can include fragrance materials as described herein.

7.2.1 Roll-On and Clear Gel

A roll-on antiperspirant composition can comprise, for example, water,emollient, solubilizer, deodorant actives, antioxidants, preservatives,or combinations thereof. A clear gel antiperspirant composition cancomprise, for example, water, emollient, solubilizer, deodorant actives,antioxidants, preservatives, ethanol, or combinations thereof.

Water. The roll-on composition can include water. Water can be presentin an amount of about 1% to about 99.5%, about 25% to about 99.5%, about50% to about 99.5%, about 75% to about 99.5% about 80% to about 99.5%,from about 15% to about 45%, or any combination of the end points andpoints encompassed within the ranges, by weight of the deodorantcomposition.

Emollients. Roll-on compositions can comprise an emollient systemincluding at least one emollient, but it could also be a combination ofemollients. Suitable emollients are often liquid under ambientconditions. Depending on the type of product form desired,concentrations of the emollient(s) in the deodorant compositions canrange from about 1% to about 95%, from about 5% to about 95%, from about15% to about 75%, from about 1% to about 10%, from about 15% to about45%, or from about 1% to about 30%, by weight of the deodorantcomposition.

Emollients suitable for use in the roll-on compositions include, but arenot limited to, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol (like dipropyleneglycol, tripropylene glycol, etc.), diethylene glycol, triethyleneglycol, PEG-4, PEG-8, 1,2 pentanediol, 1,2 hexanediol, hexylene glycol,glycerin, C₂ to C₂₀ monohydric alcohols, C₂ to C₄₀ dihydric orpolyhydric alcohols, alkyl ethers of polyhydric and monohydric alcohols,volatile silicone emollients such as cyclopentasiloxane, nonvolatilesilicone emollients such as dimethicone, mineral oils, polydecenes,petrolatum, and combinations thereof. One example of a suitableemollient comprises PPG-15 stearyl ether. Other examples of suitableemollients include dipropylene glycol and propylene glycol.

Deodorant Actives. Suitable deodorant actives can include any topicalmaterial that is known or otherwise effective in preventing oreliminating malodor associated with perspiration. Suitable deodorantactives may be selected from the group consisting of antimicrobialagents (e.g., bacteriocides, fungicides), malodor-absorbing material,and combinations thereof. For example, antimicrobial agents may comprisecetyl-trimethylammonium bromide, cetyl pyridinium chloride, benzethoniumchloride, diisobutyl phenoxy ethoxy ethyl dimethyl benzyl ammoniumchloride, sodium N-lauryl sarcosine, sodium N-palmethyl sarcosine,lauroyl sarcosine, N-myristoyl glycine, potassium N-lauryl sarcosine,trimethyl ammonium chloride, sodium aluminum chlorohydroxy lactate,triethyl citrate, tricetylmethyl ammonium chloride,2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxy diphenyl ether (triclosan),3,4,4′-trichlorocarbanilide (triclocarban), diaminoalkyl amides such asL-lysine hexadecyl amide, heavy metal salts of citrate, salicylate, andpiroctose, especially zinc salts, and acids thereof, heavy metal saltsof pyrithione, especially zinc pyrithione, zinc phenolsulfate, farnesol,and combinations thereof. The concentration of the optional deodorantactive may range from about 0.001%, from about 0.01%, of from about0.1%, by weight of the composition to about 20%, to about 10%, to about5%, or to about 1%, by weight of the composition.

Odor Entrappers. The composition can include an odor entrapper. Suitableodor entrappers for use herein include, for example, solubilized,water-soluble, uncomplexed cyclodextrin. As used herein, the term“cyclodextrin” includes any of the known cyclodextrins such asunsubstituted cyclodextrins containing from six to twelve glucose units,especially, alpha-cyclodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin, gamma-cyclodextrinand/or their derivatives and/or mixtures thereof. The alpha-cyclodextrinconsists of six glucose units, the beta-cyclodextrin consists of sevenglucose units, and the gamma-cyclodextrin consists of eight glucoseunits arranged in a donut-shaped ring. The specific coupling andconformation of the glucose units give the cyclodextrins a rigid,conical molecular structure with a hollow interior of a specific volume.The “lining” of the internal cavity is formed by hydrogen atoms andglycosidic bridging oxygen atoms, therefore this surface is fairlyhydrophobic. The unique shape and physical-chemical property of thecavity enable the cyclodextrin molecules to absorb (form inclusioncomplexes with) organic molecules or parts of organic molecules whichcan fit into the cavity. Many fragrance molecules can fit into thecavity.

Cyclodextrin molecules are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,714,137, andU.S. Pat. No. 5,942,217. Suitable levels of cyclodextrin are from about0.1% to about 5%, alternatively from about 0.2% to about 4%,alternatively from about 0.3% to about 3%, alternatively from about 0.4%to about 2%, by weight of the composition.

Buffering Agent. The composition can include a buffering agent which maybe alkaline, acidic or neutral. The buffer can be used in thecomposition for maintaining the desired pH. The composition may have apH from about 3 to about 10, from about 4 to about 9, from about 5 toabout 8, from about 6 to about 7, or it may have a pH of about 6.5. Oneunique feature of the polyvinyl amine malodor control polymers is itsability to maintain active nitrogen sites at high pH levels which canhelp enhance the antibacterial effect which comes, at least in part,from the nitrogen sites.

Suitable buffering agents include, for example, hydrochloric acid,sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and combinations thereof.

The compositions can contain at least about 0%, alternatively at leastabout 0.001%, alternatively at least about 0.01%, by weight of thecomposition, of a buffering agent. The composition may also contain nomore than about 1%, alternatively no more than about 0.75%,alternatively no more than about 0.5%, by weight of the composition, ofa buffering agent.

Solubilizer. The composition can contain a solubilizer. A suitablesolubilizer can be, for example, a surfactant, such as a no-foaming orlow-foaming surfactant. Suitable surfactants are nonionic surfactants,cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants,and mixtures thereof.

Suitable solubilizers include, for example, hydrogenated castor oil,polyoxyethylene 2 stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene 20 stearyl ether, andcombinations thereof. One suitable hydrogenated castor oil that may beused in the present composition is polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castoroil.

When the solubilizing agent is present, it is typically present at alevel of from about 0.01% to about 5%, alternatively from about 0.01% toabout 3%, alternatively from about 0.05% to about 1%, alternatively fromabout 0.01% to about 0.05%, by weight of the composition.

Preservatives. The composition can include a preservative. Thepreservative is included in an amount sufficient to prevent spoilage orprevent growth of inadvertently added microorganisms for a specificperiod of time, but not sufficient enough to contribute to the odorneutralizing performance of the composition. In other words, thepreservative is not being used as the antimicrobial compound to killmicroorganisms on the surface onto which the composition is deposited inorder to eliminate odors produced by microorganisms. Instead, it isbeing used to prevent spoilage of the composition in order to increaseshelf-life.

The preservative can be any organic preservative material which will notcause damage to fabric appearance, e.g., discoloration, coloration,bleaching. Suitable water-soluble preservatives include organic sulfurcompounds, halogenated compounds, cyclic organic nitrogen compounds, lowmolecular weight aldehydes, parabens, propane diol materials,isothiazolinones, quaternary compounds, benzoates, low molecular weightalcohols, dehydroacetic acid, phenyl and phenoxy compounds, or mixturesthereof.

Non-limiting examples of commercially available water-solublepreservatives include a mixture of about 77%5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and about 23%2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, a broad spectrum preservative availableas a 1.5% aqueous solution under the trade name Kathon® CG by Rohm andHaas Co.; 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane, available under the tradenameBronidox L® from Henkel; 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, availableunder the trade name Bronopol® from Inolex; 1,1′-hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide), commonly known as chlorhexidine, andits salts, e.g., with acetic and digluconic acids; a 95:5 mixture of1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione and3-butyl-2-iodopropynyl carbamate, available under the trade name GlydantPlus® from Lonza;N-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl]-N,N′-bis(hydroxy-methyl)urea, commonly known as diazolidinyl urea, available under the tradename Germall® II from Sutton Laboratories, Inc.;N,N″-methylenebis{N′41-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyflurea},commonly known as imidazolidinyl urea, available, e.g., under the tradename Abiol® from 3V-Sigma, Unicide U-13® from Induchem, Germall 115®from Sutton Laboratories, Inc.; polymethoxy bicyclic oxazolidine,available under the trade name Nuosept® C from Hüls America;formaldehyde; glutaraldehyde; polyaminopropyl biguanide, available underthe trade name Cosmocil CQ® from ICI Americas, Inc., or under the tradename Mikrokill® from Brooks, Inc.; dehydroacetic acid; andbenzsiothiazolinone available under the trade name Koralone™ B-119 fromRohm and Hass Corporation.

Suitable levels of preservative can range from about 0.0001% to about0.5%, alternatively from about 0.0002% to about 0.2%, alternatively fromabout 0.0003% to about 0.1%, by weight of the composition.

7.2.2 Body Spray

A body spray can contain, for example, a carrier, fragrance, a deodorantactive, odor entrappers, propellant, or combinations thereof. The bodyspray compositions can be applied as a liquid.

Carrier. A carrier suitable for use in a body spray can include, water,alcohol, or combinations thereof. The carrier may be present in anamount of about 1% to about 99.5%, about 25% to about 99.5%, about 50%to about 99.5%, about 75% to about 99.5% about 80% to about 99.5%, fromabout 15% to about 45%, or any combination of the end points and pointsencompassed within the ranges, by weight of the composition. A suitableexample of an alcohol can include ethanol.

Propellant. The compositions described herein can include a propellant.Some examples of propellants include compressed air, nitrogen, inertgases, carbon dioxide, and mixtures thereof. Propellants may alsoinclude gaseous hydrocarbons like propane, n-butane, isobutene,cyclopropane, and mixtures thereof. Halogenated hydrocarbons like1,1-difluoroethane may also be used as propellants. Some non-limitingexamples of propellants include 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane,1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane,trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene, dimethyl ether,dichlorodifluoromethane (propellant 12),1,1-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (propellant 114),1-chloro-1,1-difluoro-2,2-trifluoroethane (propellant 115),1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethylene (propellant 142B), 1,1-difluoroethane(propellant 152A), monochlorodifluoromethane, and mixtures thereof. Someother propellants suitable for use include, but are not limited to, A-46(a mixture of isobutane, butane and propane), A-31 (isobutane), A-17(n-butane), A-108 (propane), AP70 (a mixture of propane, isobutane andn-butane), AP40 (a mixture of propane, isobutene and n-butane), AP30 (amixture of propane, isobutane and n-butane), and 152A (1,1diflouroethane). The propellant may have a concentration from about 15%,25%, 30%, 32%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 38%, 40%, or 42% to about 70%, 65%, 60%,54%, 52%, 50%, 48%, 46%, 44%, or 42%, or any combination thereof, byweight of the total fill of materials stored within the container.

7.2.3 Invisible Solid

Invisible solid antiperspirant compositions as described herein cancontain a primary structurant, an antiperspirant active, a fragrance,and additional chassis ingredient(s). The antiperspirant composition canfurther comprise other optional ingredient(s). The compositions can bein the form of a solid stick. The compositions can have a producthardness of about 600 gram force or more. The compositions may be freeof dipropylene glycol, added water, castor wax, or any combinationthereof. The antiperspirant composition may be anhydrous. Theantiperspirant composition may be free of added water.

Hardness. The invisible solid can have a product hardness of least about600 gram·force, more specifically from about 600 gram·force to about5,000 gram·force, still more specifically from about 750 gram·force toabout 2,000 gram·force, and yet more specifically from about 800gram·force to about 1,400 gram·force.

The term “product hardness” or “hardness” as used herein is a reflectionof how much force is required to move a penetration cone a specifieddistance and at a controlled rate into an antiperspirant compositionunder the test conditions described herein below. Higher valuesrepresent harder product, and lower values represent softer product.These values are measured at 27° C., 15% relative humidity, using aTA-XT2 Texture Analyzer, available from Texture Technology Corp.,Scarsdale, N.Y., U.S.A. The product hardness value as used hereinrepresents the peak force required to move a standard 45-degree anglepenetration cone through the composition for a distance of 10 mm at aspeed of 2 mm/second. The standard cone is available from TextureTechnology Corp., as part number TA-15, and has a total cone length ofabout 24.7 mm, angled cone length of about 18.3 mm, and a maximumdiameter of the angled surface of the cone of about 15.5 mm. The cone isa smooth, stainless steel construction and weighs about 17.8 grams.

Primary Structurants. The invisible solid can comprise a suitableconcentration of a primary structurant to help provide theantiperspirant with the desired viscosity, rheology, texture and/orproduct hardness, or to otherwise help suspend any dispersed solids orliquids within the composition.

The term “solid structurant” as used herein means any material known orotherwise effective in providing suspending, gelling, viscosifying,solidifying, and/or thickening properties to the composition or whichotherwise provide structure to the final product form. These solidstructurants include gelling agents, and polymeric or non-polymeric orinorganic thickening or viscosifying agents. Such materials willtypically be solids under ambient conditions and include organic solids,crystalline or other gellants, inorganic particulates such as clays orsilicas, or combinations thereof.

The concentration and type of solid structurant selected for use in theantiperspirant compositions will vary depending upon the desired producthardness, rheology, and/or other related product characteristics. Formost structurants suitable for use herein, the total structurantconcentration ranges from about 5% to about 35%, more typically fromabout 10% to about 30%, or from about 7% to about 20%, by weight of thecomposition.

Non-limiting examples of suitable primary structurants include stearylalcohol and other fatty alcohols; hydrogenated castor wax (e.g.,Castorwax MP80, Castor Wax, etc.); hydrocarbon waxes include paraffinwax, beeswax, carnauba, candelilla, spermaceti wax, ozokerite, ceresin,baysberry, synthetic waxes such as Fischer-Tropsch waxes, andmicrocrystalline wax; polyethylenes with molecular weight of 200 to 1000Daltons; solid triglycerides; behenyl alcohol, or combinations thereof.

Other non-limiting examples of primary structurants suitable for useherein are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,976,514 and U.S. Pat. No.5,891,424, the descriptions of which are incorporated herein byreference.

Antiperspirant Active. The antiperspirant stick compositions cancomprise a particulate antiperspirant active suitable for application tohuman skin. The concentration of antiperspirant active in thecomposition should be sufficient to provide the desired perspirationwetness and odor control from the antiperspirant stick formulationselected.

The antiperspirant stick compositions can comprise an antiperspirantactive at concentrations of from about 0.5% to about 60%, and morespecifically from about 5% to about 35%, by weight of the composition.These weight percentages are calculated on an anhydrous metal salt basisexclusive of water and any complexing agents such as, for example,glycine, and glycine salts. The antiperspirant active as formulated inthe composition can be in the form of dispersed particulate solidshaving an average particle size or equivalent diameter of less thanabout 100 microns, more specifically less than about 20 microns, andeven more specifically less than about 10 microns.

The antiperspirant active for use in the anhydrous antiperspirantcompositions of the present invention can include any compound,composition or other material having antiperspirant activity. Morespecifically, the antiperspirant actives may include astringent metallicsalts, especially inorganic and organic salts of aluminum, zirconium andzinc, as well as mixtures thereof. Even more specifically, theantiperspirant actives may include aluminum-containing and/orzirconium-containing salts or materials, such as, for example, aluminumhalides, aluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum hydroxyhalides, zirconyloxyhalides, zirconyl hydroxyhalides, and mixtures thereof.

Aluminum salts for use in the anhydrous antiperspirant stickcompositions include those that conform to the formula:

Al₂(OH)_(a)Cl_(b) .xH₂O,

wherein a is from about 2 to about 5;

the sum of a and b is about 6;

x is from about 1 to about 6; and

a, b, and x may have non-integer values.

More specifically, aluminum chlorohydroxides referred to as “5/6 basicchlorohydroxide” can be used, wherein a=5, and “2/3 basicchlorohydroxide”, wherein a=4.

Processes for preparing aluminum salts are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.3,887,692; U.S. Pat. No. 3,904,741; U.S. Pat. No. 4,359,456; and BritishPatent Specification 2,048,229, the disclosures of which areincorporated herein by reference for the purpose of describing processesfor preparing aluminum salts.

Mixtures of aluminum salts are described in British Patent Specification1,347,950, which description is also incorporated herein by reference.

Zirconium salts for use in the anhydrous antiperspirant stickcompositions include those which conform to the formula:

ZrO(OH)_(2−a)Cl_(a) .xH₂O,

wherein a is from about 1.5 to about 1.87;

x is from about 1 to about 7; and

a and x may both have non-integer values.

These zirconium salts are described in Belgian Patent 825,146, Schmitz,issued Aug. 4, 1975, which description is incorporated herein byreference. Zirconium salts that additionally contain aluminum andglycine, commonly known as “ZAG complexes,” are believed to beespecially beneficial. These ZAG complexes contain aluminumchlorohydroxide and zirconyl hydroxy chloride conforming to theabove-described formulas. Such ZAG complexes are described in U.S. Pat.No. 3,792,068; Great Britain Patent Application 2,144,992; and U.S. Pat.No. 4,120,948, disclosures of which are incorporated herein by referencefor the limited purpose of describing ZAG complexes.

Also suitable for use herein are enhanced efficacy aluminum-zirconiumchlorohydrex-amino acid which typically has the empirical formulaAl_(n)Zr(OH)_([3n+4−m(n+1)])(Cl)_([m(n+1)])-AA_(q) where n is 2.0 to10.0, preferably 3.0 to 8.0; m is about 0.48 to about 1.11 (whichcorresponds to M:Cl approximately equal to 2.1-0.9), preferably about0.56 to about 0.83 (which corresponds to M:Cl approximately equal to1.8-1.2); q is about 0.8 to about 4.0, preferably about 1.0 to 2.0; andAA is an amino acid such as glycine, alanine, valine, serine, leucine,isoleucine, β-alanine, cysteine, β-amino-n-butyric acid, orγ-amino-n-butyric acid, preferably glycine. These salts also generallyhave some water of hydration associated with them, typically on theorder of 1 to 5 moles per mole of salt (typically, about 1% to about16%, more typically about 4% to about 13% by weight). These salts aregenerally referred to as aluminum-zirconium trichlorohydrex ortetrachlorohydrex when the Al:Zr ratio is between 2 and 6 and asaluminum-zirconium pentachlorohydrex or octachlorohydrex when the Al:Zrratio is between 6 and 10. The term “aluminum-zirconium chlorohydrex” isintended to embrace all of these forms. The preferred aluminum-zirconiumsalt is aluminum-zirconium chlorohydrex-glycine. Additional examples ofsuitable high efficacy antiperspirant actives can include AluminumZirconium Pentachlorohydrex Glycine, Aluminum Zirconium OctachlorohydrexGlycine, or a combination thereof. These high efficacy actives are morefully described in U.S. App. Pub. No. 2007/0003499 by Shen et al. filedJun. 30, 2005.

7.2.4 Additional Chassis Ingredients

Additional Structurant. The antiperspirant composition can furthercomprise an additional structurant. The additional structurant may bepresent in an amount from 1% to about 10%, by weight of the composition.The additional structurant(s) will likely be present at an amount lessthan the primary structurant.

Non-limiting examples of suitable additional structurants includestearyl alcohol and other fatty alcohols; hydrogenated castor wax (e.g.,Castorwax MP80, Castor Wax, etc.); hydrocarbon waxes include paraffinwax, beeswax, carnauba, candelilla, spermaceti wax, ozokerite, ceresin,baysberry, synthetic waxes such as Fisher-Tropsch waxes, andmicrocrystalline wax; polyethylenes with molecular weight of 200 to 1000daltons; and solid triglycerides; behenyl alcohol, or combinationsthereof.

Other non-limiting examples of additional structurants suitable for useherein are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,976,514 and U.S. Pat. No.5,891,424.

Solvent. The antiperspirant composition can comprise a solvent atconcentrations ranging from about 20% to about 80%, and morespecifically from about 30% to about 70%, by weight of the composition.The solvent can be a volatile silicone which may be cyclic or linear.

“Volatile silicone” as used herein refers to those silicone materialsthat have measurable vapor pressure under ambient conditions.Non-limiting examples of suitable volatile silicones are described inTodd et al., “Volatile Silicone Fluids for Cosmetics”, Cosmetics andToiletries, 91:27-32 (1976), which descriptions are incorporated hereinby reference.

The volatile silicone can be a cyclic silicone having from 3 to 7, andmore specifically from 5 to 6, silicon atoms, and still morespecifically 5, like cyclopentasiloxane. These cyclic silicone materialswill generally have viscosities of less than about 10 centistokes at 25°C.

Linear volatile silicone materials suitable for use in theantiperspirant compositions include those represented by the formula:

wherein n is from 1 to 7, and more specifically from 2 to 3. Theselinear silicone materials will generally have viscosities of less thanabout 5 centistokes at 25° C.

Specific examples of volatile silicone solvents suitable for use in theantiperspirant compositions include, but are not limited to,Cyclomethicone D-5; GE 7207 and GE 7158 (commercially available fromGeneral Electric Co.); Dow Corning 344; Dow Corning 345; Dow Corning200; and DC1184 (commercially available from Dow Corning Corp.); andSWS-03314 (commercially available from SWS Silicones).

Non-Volatile Organic Fluids. Non-volatile organic fluids may be present,for example, in an amount of about 15% or less, by weight of thecomposition.

Non-limiting examples of nonvolatile organic fluids include mineral oil,PPG-14 butyl ether, isopropyl myristate, petrolatum, butyl stearate,cetyl octanoate, butyl myristate, myristyl myristate, C12-15alkylbenzoate (e.g., Finsolv™), octyldodecanol, isostearyl isostearate,octododecyl benzoate, isostearyl lactate, isostearyl palmitate, andisobutyl stearate.

Adjunct Ingredients. The anhydrous antiperspirant compositions canfurther comprise any optional material that is known for use inantiperspirant and deodorant compositions or other personal careproducts, or which is otherwise suitable for topical application tohuman skin.

One example of optional materials are clay mineral powders such as talc,mica, sericite, silica, magnesium silicate, synthetic fluorphlogopite,calcium silicate, aluminum silicate, bentonite and montomorillonite;pearl pigments such as alumina, barium sulfate, calcium secondaryphosphate, calcium carbonate, titanium oxide, finely divided titaniumoxide, zirconium oxide, zinc oxide, hydroxy apatite, iron oxide, irontitrate, ultramarine blue, Prussian blue, chromium oxide, chromiumhydroxide, cobalt oxide, cobalt titanate, titanium oxide coated mica;organic powders such as polyester, polyethylene, polystyrene, methylmethacrylate resin, cellulose, 12-nylon, 6-nylon, styrene-acrylic acidcopolymers, poly propylene, vinyl chloride polymer, tetrafluoroethylenepolymer, boron nitride, fish scale guanine, laked tar color dyes, lakednatural color dyes; and combinations thereof.

Talc, if used at higher levels can produce a significant amount of whiteresidue which has been found to be a consumer negative for productacceptance. Therefore it is best to limit the composition to less than10%, less than about 8%, less than about 6%, or less than about 3%, byweight of the composition.

Nonlimiting examples of other optional materials include emulsifiers,distributing agents, antimicrobials, pharmaceutical or other topicalactive, preservatives, surfactants, and so forth. Examples of suchoptional materials are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,049,792; U.S. Pat.No. 5,019,375; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,429,816; which descriptions areincorporated herein by reference.

7.2.5 Soft Solid

Soft solid composition can comprise volatile silicone, antiperspirantactive, gellant, residue masking material, or combinations thereof. Inaddition, soft solids generally have a hardness value after dispensingof about 500 gram force or less.

Volatile Silicone Solvent. The soft solid can comprises a volatilesilicone solvent at concentrations ranging from about 20% to about 80%,preferably from about 30% to about 70%, more preferably from about 45%to about 70%, by weight of the composition. The volatile silicone of thesolvent may be cyclic or linear.

“Volatile silicone” as used herein refers to those silicone materialswhich have measurable vapor pressure under ambient conditions.Nonlimiting examples of suitable volatile silicones are described inTodd et al., “Volatile Silicone Fluids for Cosmetics”, Cosmetics andToiletries, 91:27-32 (1976), which descriptions are incorporated hereinby reference. Preferred volatile silicone materials are those havingfrom about 3 to about 7, preferably from about 4 to about 5, siliconatoms.

Cyclic volatile silicones are preferred for use in the antiperspirantcompositions herein, and include those represented by the formula:

wherein n is from about 3 to about 7, preferably from about 4 to about5, most preferably 5. These cyclic silicone materials will generallyhave viscosities of less than about 10 centistokes at 25° C.

Linear volatile silicone materials suitable for use in theantiperspirant compositions include those represented by the formula:

wherein n is from about 1 to about 7, preferably from about 2 to about3. These linear silicone materials will generally have viscosities ofless than about 5 centistokes at 25° C.

Specific examples of volatile silicone solvents suitable for use in theantiperspirant compositions include, but are not limited to,Cyclomethicone D-5 (commercially available from G. E. Silicones), DowCorning 344, Dow Corning 345 and Dow Corning 200 (commercially availablefrom Dow Corning Corp.), GE 7207 and 7158 (commercially available fromGeneral Electric Co.) and SWS-03314 (commercially available from SWSSilicones Corp.).

Gellant Material. The soft solid can include a gellant materialcomprising fatty alcohols having from about 20 to about 60 carbon atoms,or combinations thereof, at concentrations ranging from about 0.1% toabout 8% by weight of the composition. The gellant material, whencombined with the volatile silicone solvent described herein before,provides the composition with a physically stable structure within whichthe particulate antiperspirant materials are dispersed, and maintainedas such over an extended period of time.

Specifically, the gellant material can comprise saturated orunsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, fatty alcohols or mixtures offatty alcohols having from about 20 to about 60 carbons atoms,preferably from about 20 to about 40 carbon atoms. Preferred arecombinations of the fatty alcohols. The fatty alcohol gellants arepreferably saturated, unsubstituted monohydric alcohols or combinationsthereof, which have a melting point of at less than about 110° C., morepreferably from about 60° to about 110° C., even more preferably betweenabout 100° C. and 110° C.

It has been found that this fatty alcohol-based gellant material, whencombined with volatile silicone solvents provides a stable structure formaintaining a dispersion of particulate antiperspirant material in atopical formulation without the necessity of using conventionalparticulate thickening agents. This gellant material is especiallyuseful in maintaining the physical stability of particulate dispersionscontaining higher concentrations of volatile silicone solvents.

It was also found that penetration force values for the antiperspirantcompositions can be controlled by adjusting total fatty alcoholconcentrations. In controlling penetration force values in this manner,there is no longer a need to use organic solvents or thickening agentsto control penetration force values, which solvents or thickening agentsoften add cost to the formulation, introduce additional compatibilityissues, and often contribute undesirable cosmetics such as prolongedstickiness, difficulty in ease of spreading, increased dry-down timesand reduced dry feel after application.

Specific concentrations of the gellant materials can be selectedaccording to the desired penetration force value. For roll-onformulations having a penetration force value of from about 20gram·force to about 100 gram·force, gellant material concentrationspreferably range from about 0.1% to about 3%, preferably from about 1.5%to about 3%, by weight of the antiperspirant composition. For othercream formulations, including those formulations suitable for use incream applicator devices, which have a penetration force value of fromabout 100 gram·force to about 500 gram·force, gellant materialconcentrations preferably range from about 3% to about 8%, preferablyfrom about 3% to about 6%, by weight of the antiperspirant composition.

Specific examples of fatty alcohol gellants for use in theantiperspirant compositions that are commercially available include, butare not limited to, Unilin® 425, Unilin® 350, Unilin® 550 and Unilin®700 (supplied by Petrolite)

Residue Masking Material. The soft solid compositions can furthercomprise a nonvolatile emollient as a residue masking material Suchmaterials and their use in antiperspirant products are well known in theantiperspirant art, and any such material may be incorporated into thecomposition of the present invention, provided that such optionalmaterial is compatible with the essential elements of the composition,or does not unduly impair product performance or cosmetics.

Concentrations of the optional residue masking material can range fromabout 0.1% to about 40%, preferably from about 1% to about 10%, byweight of the antiperspirant composition. These optional materials canbe liquid at ambient temperatures, and can be nonvolatile. The term“nonvolatile” as used in this context refers to materials which have aboiling point under atmospheric pressure of at least about 200° C.Nonlimiting examples of suitable residue masking materials for use inthe antiperspirant products include butyl stearate, diisopropyl adipate,petrolatum, nonvolatile silicones, octyldodecanol, phenyl trimethicone,isopropyl myristate, C12-15 ethanol benzoates and PPG-14 Butyl Ether.Residue masking materials are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No.4,985,238, which description is incorporated herein by reference. OtherMaterials. The soft solid compositions can further comprise one, ormore, other materials which modify the physical characteristics of thecompositions or serve as additional “active” components when depositedon the skin. Many such materials are known in the antiperspirant art andcan be used in the antiperspirant compositions herein, provided thatsuch optional materials are compatible with the essential materialsdescribed herein, or do not otherwise unduly impair product performance.

Non limiting examples of materials can include active components such asbacteriostats and fungiostats, and “non-active” components such ascolorants, fragrances, cosmetic powders, emulsifiers, chelants,distributing agents, preservatives, and wash-off aids. Examples of suchoptional materials are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,049,792; CanadianPatent 1,164,347; U.S. Pat. No. 5,019,375; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,429,816;which descriptions are incorporated herein by reference.

7.2.6 Aerosol

An aerosol composition can comprise a concentrate, a propellant, or acombination thereof. Alcohol is a predominant component of theconcentrates provided herein. Useful alcohols include C₁-C₃ alcohols,with the preferred alcohol being ethanol. In certain examples, thealcohol is employed at a concentration level of from at least about 40%,50% or 55% to about 80%, by weight of the concentrate.

An antiperspirant active is dissolved in the alcohol, at a level of fromabout 1% to about 15%, by weight of the concentrate. Variousantiperspirant actives can be employed, including, for example, aluminumchloride, aluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum chlorohydrex, aluminumchlorohydrex PG, aluminum chlorohydrex PEG, aluminum dichlorohydrate,aluminum dichlorohydrex PG, aluminum dichlorohydrex PEG, aluminumsesquichlorohydrate, aluminum sesquichlorohydrex PG, aluminumsesquichlorohydrex PEG, aluminum sulfate, aluminum zirconiumoctachlorohydrate, aluminum zirconium octachlorohydrex GLY, aluminumzirconium pentachlorohydrate, aluminum zirconium pentachlorohydrex GLY,aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrate, aluminum zirconiumtrichlorohydrate, aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrate GLY, andaluminum zirconium trichlorohydrate GLY. In one example, aluminumchlorohydrex PG is the chosen antiperspirant active.

The antiperspirant concentrates can also include an oil or a mixture oftwo or more oils. Useful oils include, for example, volatile siliconeoils and non-volatile organic oils. “Volatile silicone”, as used herein,refers to those silicone materials that have measurable vapor pressureunder ambient conditions. Non-limiting examples of suitable volatilesilicones are described in Todd et al., “Volatile Silicone Fluids forCosmetics”, Cosmetics and Toiletries, 91:27-32 (1976). The volatilesilicone can be a cyclic silicone having from at least about 3 siliconeatoms or from at least about 5 silicone atoms but no more than about 7silicone atoms or no more than about 6 silicone atoms. For example,volatile silicones can be used which conform to the formula:

wherein n is from about 3 or from about 5 but no more than about 7 or nomore than about 6. These volatile cyclic silicones generally have aviscosity of less than about 10 centistokes at 25° C. Suitable volatilesilicones for use herein include, but are not limited to, CyclomethiconeD5 (commercially available from G. E. Silicones); Dow Corning 344, andDow Corning 345 (commercially available from Dow Corning Corp.); and GE7207, GE 7158 and Silicone Fluids SF-1202 and SF-1173 (available fromGeneral Electric Co.). SWS-03314, SWS-03400, F-222, F-223, F-250, F-251(available from SWS Silicones Corp.); Volatile Silicones 7158, 7207,7349 (available from Union Carbide); MASIL SF-V (available from Mazer)and combinations thereof. Suitable volatile silicone oils can alsoinclude linear silicone oils such as, for example, DC200 (1 cSt), DC200(0.65 cSt), and DC2-1184, all of which are available from Dow CorningCorp. In certain examples, the volatile silicone oil can have aviscosity of less than 10 centistokes at 25° C.

Non-volatile organic, emollient oils can also be employed. Arepresentative, non-limiting list of emollient oils includes CETIOL CC(dicaprylyl carbonate), CETIOL OE (dicaprylyl ether), CETIOL S(diethylhexylcyclohexane), and CETIOL B (dibutyl adipate), all of whichare available from Cognis, and LEXFEEL 7 (neopentyl glycol diheptanoate)from Inolex. In certain examples, the organic emollient oils have aviscosity of less than 50 centistokes at 25° C. The term “organicemollient oil” as used herein means silicon-free emollient oils that areliquid at 25° C., and that are safe and light to skin and can bemiscible with volatile silicone oils (as described above) and theantiperspirant active-alcohol solution in the concentration rangesdescribed below.

The oil or mixture of oils is generally included in the concentrateformulas at a level of from about 5% to about 45%, by weight of theconcentrate. This viscosity ranges noted above in connection with thedifferent classes of oil can facilitate desired spray rates andpatterns, and can help minimize nozzle clogging. To provide desired skinfeel, minimal nozzle clogging, and good concentrate stability, the ratioof alcohol to volatile silicone oil is preferably greater than 1.0,1.35, or 1.5. And in examples having both a volatile silicone oil and anorganic emollient oil, the ratio of alcohol to total oil is preferablygreater than or equal to about 0.90. The oils in certain examples aremiscible with the alcohol and antiperspirant active solution. Althoughvarious levels of miscibility are acceptable, the oils are preferablymiscible enough with the alcohol and antiperspirant active solution toyield a concentrate having a clear appearance.

The antiperspirant compositions can also include residue-masking agentsand propellants as discussed above.

7.3 Personal Care Compositions

Personal care compositions can include, but are not limited to,structurants, humectants, fatty acids, inorganic salts, and otherantimicrobial agents or actives.

A personal care composition can also include hydrophilic structurantssuch as carbohydrate structurants and gums. Some suitable carbohydratestructurants include raw starch (corn, rice, potato, wheat, and thelike) and pregelatinized starch. Some suitable gums include carrageenanand xanthan gum. A personal care composition can include from about 0.1%to about 30%, from about 2% to about 25%, or from about 4% to about 20%,by weight of the personal care composition, of a carbohydratestructurant.

A personal care composition can also include one or more humectants.Examples of such humectants can include polyhydric alcohols. Further,humectants such as glycerin can be included the personal carecomposition as a result of production or as an additional ingredient.For example, glycerin can be a by-product after saponification of thepersonal care composition. Including additional humectant can result ina number of benefits such as improvement in hardness of the personalcare composition, decreased water activity of the personal carecomposition, and reduction of a weight loss rate of the personal carecomposition over time due to water evaporation.

A personal care composition can include inorganic salts. Inorganic saltscan help to maintain a particular water content or level of the personalcare composition and improve hardness of the personal care composition.The inorganic salts can also help to bind the water in the personal carecomposition to prevent water loss by evaporation or other means. Apersonal care composition can optionally include from about 0.01% toabout 15%, from about 1% to about 12%, or from about 2.5% to about10.5%, by weight of the personal care composition, of inorganic salt.Examples of suitable inorganic salts can include magnesium nitrate,trimagnesium phosphate, calcium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodiumaluminum sulfate, disodium phosphate, sodium polymetaphosphate, sodiummagnesium succinate, sodium tripolyphosphate, aluminum sulfate, aluminumchloride, aluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum-zirconium trichlorohydrate,aluminum-zirconium trichlorohydrate glycine complex, zinc sulfate,ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, calcium acetate, calcium nitrate,calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, ferric sulfate, magnesium chloride,magnesium sulfate, and tetrasodium pyrophosphate.

A personal care composition can include one or more additionalantibacterial agents that can serve to further enhance antimicrobialeffectiveness of the personal care composition. A personal carecomposition can include, for example, from about 0.001% to about 2%,from about 0.01% to about 1.5%, or from about 0.1% to about 1%, byweight of the personal care composition, of additional antibacterialagent(s). Examples of suitable antibacterial agents can includecarbanilides, triclocarban (also known as trichlorocarbanilide),triclosan, a halogenated diphenylether available as DP-300 fromCiba-Geigy, hexachlorophene, 3,4,5-tribromosalicylanilide, and salts of2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide, salicylic acid, and other organic acids. Othersuitable antibacterial agents are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,488,943.

7.3.1 Scalp Active Material

In an embodiment of the present invention, the personal care compositionmay comprise a scalp active material, which may be an anti-dandruffactive. In an embodiment, the anti-dandruff active is selected from thegroup consisting of: pyridinethione salts; zinc carbonate; azoles, suchas ketoconazole, econazole, and elubiol; selenium sulfide; particulatesulfur; keratolytic agents such as salicylic acid; and mixtures thereof.In a further embodiment, the anti-dandruff active may be ananti-dandruff particulate. In an embodiment, the anti-dandruffparticulate is a pyridinethione salt. Such anti-dandruff particulateshould be physically and chemically compatible with the components ofthe composition, and should not otherwise unduly impair productstability, aesthetics or performance.

Pyridinethione particulates are suitable particulate anti-dandruffactives for use in composition of the present invention. In anembodiment, the anti-dandruff active is a 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethionesalt and is in particulate form. In an embodiment, the concentration ofpyridinethione anti-dandruff particulate ranges from about 0.01% toabout 5%, by weight of the composition, or from about 0.1% to about 3%,or from about 0.1% to about 2%. In an embodiment, the pyridinethionesalts are those formed from heavy metals such as zinc, tin, cadmium,magnesium, aluminium and zirconium, generally zinc, typically the zincsalt of 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione (known as “zinc pyridinethione” or“ZPT”; zinc pyrithione), commonly 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione salts inplatelet particle form. In an embodiment, the 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethionesalts in platelet particle form have an average particle size of up toabout 20 microns, or up to about 5 microns, or up to about 2.5 microns.Salts formed from other cations, such as sodium, may also be suitable.Pyridinethione anti-dandruff actives are described, for example, in U.S.Pat. No. 2,809,971; U.S. Pat. No. 3,236,733; U.S. Pat. No. 3,753,196;U.S. Pat. No. 3,761,418; U.S. Pat. No. 4,345,080; U.S. Pat. No.4,323,683; U.S. Pat. No. 4,379,753; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,470,982.

In an embodiment, in addition to the anti-dandruff active selected frompolyvalent metal salts of pyrithione, the composition further comprisesone or more anti-fungal and/or anti-microbial actives. In an embodiment,the anti-microbial active is selected from the group consisting of: coaltar, sulfur, charcoal, whitfield's ointment, castellani's paint,aluminum chloride, gentian violet, octopirox (piroctone olamine),ciclopirox olamine, undecylenic acid and its metal salts, potassiumpermanganate, selenium sulfide, sodium thiosulfate, propylene glycol,oil of bitter orange, urea preparations, griseofulvin,8-hydroxyquinoline ciloquinol, thiobendazole, thiocarbamates,haloprogin, polyenes, hydroxypyridone, morpholine, benzylamine,allylamines (such as terbinafine), tea tree oil, clove leaf oil,coriander, palmarosa, berberine, thyme red, cinnamon oil, cinnamicaldehyde, citronellic acid, hinokitol, ichthyol pale, Sensiva SC-50,Elestab HP-100, azelaic acid, lyticase, iodopropynyl butylcarbamate(IPBC), isothiazalinones such as octyl isothiazalinone, and azoles, andmixtures thereof. In an embodiment, the anti-microbial is selected fromthe group consisting of: itraconazole, ketoconazole, selenium sulfide,coal tar, and mixtures thereof.

In an embodiment, the azole anti-microbials is an imidazole selectedfrom the group consisting of: benzimidazole, benzothiazole, bifonazole,butaconazole nitrate, climbazole, clotrimazole, croconazole,eberconazole, econazole, elubiol, fenticonazole, fluconazole,flutimazole, isoconazole, ketoconazole, lanoconazole, metronidazole,miconazole, neticonazole, omoconazole, oxiconazole nitrate,sertaconazole, sulconazole nitrate, tioconazole, thiazole, and mixturesthereof, or the azole anti-microbials is a triazole selected from thegroup consisting of: terconazole, itraconazole, and mixtures thereof.When present in the composition, the azole anti-microbial active isincluded in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 5%, or from about0.1% to about 3%, or from about 0.3% to about 2%, by total weight of thecomposition. In an embodiment, the azole anti-microbial active isketoconazole. In an embodiment, the sole anti-microbial active isketoconazole.

The present invention may also comprise a combination of anti-microbialactives. In an embodiment, the combination of anti-microbial active isselected from the group of combinations consisting of: octopirox andzinc pyrithione, pine tar and sulfur, salicylic acid and zincpyrithione, salicylic acid and elubiol, zinc pyrithione and elubiol,zinc pyrithione and climbasole, octopirox and climbasole, salicylic acidand octopirox, and mixtures thereof.

In an embodiment, the composition comprises an effective amount of azinc-containing layered material. In an embodiment, the compositioncomprises from about 0.001% to about 10%, or from about 0.01% to about7%, or from about 0.1% to about 5% of a zinc-containing layeredmaterial, by total weight of the composition.

Zinc-containing layered materials may be those with crystal growthprimarily occurring in two dimensions. It is conventional to describelayer structures as not only those in which all the atoms areincorporated in well-defined layers, but also those in which there areions or molecules between the layers, called gallery ions (A. F. Wells“Structural Inorganic Chemistry” Clarendon Press, 1975). Zinc-containinglayered materials (ZLMs) may have zinc incorporated in the layers and/orbe components of the gallery ions. The following classes of ZLMsrepresent relatively common examples of the general category and are notintended to be limiting as to the broader scope of materials which fitthis definition.

Many ZLMs occur naturally as minerals. In an embodiment, the ZLM isselected from the group consisting of: hydrozincite (zinc carbonatehydroxide), basic zinc carbonate, aurichalcite (zinc copper carbonatehydroxide), rosasite (copper zinc carbonate hydroxide), and mixturesthereof. Related minerals that are zinc-containing may also be includedin the composition. Natural ZLMs can also occur wherein anionic layerspecies such as clay-type minerals (e.g., phyllosilicates) containion-exchanged zinc gallery ions. All of these natural materials can alsobe obtained synthetically or formed in situ in a composition or during aproduction process.

Another common class of ZLMs, which are often, but not always,synthetic, is layered double hydroxides. In an embodiment, the ZLM is alayered double hydroxide conforming to the formula [M²⁺ _(1−x)M³⁺_(x)(OH)₂]^(x+)A^(m−) _(x/m).nH₂O wherein some or all of the divalentions (M²⁺) are zinc ions (Crepaldi, E L, Pava, P C, Tronto, J, Valim, JB J. Colloid Interfac. Sci. 2002, 248, 429-42).

Yet another class of ZLMs can be prepared called hydroxy double salts(Morioka, H., Tagaya, H., Karasu, M, Kadokawa, J, Chiba, K Inorg. Chem.1999, 38, 4211-6). In an embodiment, the ZLM is a hydroxy double saltconforming to the formula [M²⁺ _(1−x)M²⁺ _(1+x)(OH)_(3(1−y))]⁺A^(n−)_((1=3y)/n).nH₂O where the two metal ions (M²⁺) may be the same ordifferent. If they are the same and represented by zinc, the formulasimplifies to [Zn_(1+x)(OH)₂]^(2x+)2xA⁻.nH₂O. This latter formularepresents (where x=0.4) materials such as zinc hydroxychloride and zinchydroxynitrate. In an embodiment, the ZLM is zinc hydroxychloride and/orzinc hydroxynitrate. These are related to hydrozincite as well wherein adivalent anion replace the monovalent anion. These materials can also beformed in situ in a composition or in or during a production process.

In an embodiment, the composition comprises basic zinc carbonate.Commercially available sources of basic zinc carbonate include ZincCarbonate Basic (Cater Chemicals: Bensenville, Ill., USA), ZincCarbonate (Shepherd Chemicals: Norwood, Ohio, USA), Zinc Carbonate (CPSUnion Corp.: New York, N.Y., USA), Zinc Carbonate (Elementis Pigments:Durham, UK), and Zinc Carbonate AC (Bruggemann Chemical: Newtown Square,Pa., USA). Basic zinc carbonate, which also may be referred tocommercially as “Zinc Carbonate” or “Zinc Carbonate Basic” or “ZincHydroxy Carbonate”, is a synthetic version consisting of materialssimilar to naturally occurring hydrozincite. The idealized stoichiometryis represented by Zn₅(OH)₆(CO₃)₂ but the actual stoichiometric ratioscan vary slightly and other impurities may be incorporated in thecrystal lattice.

In embodiments having a zinc-containing layered material and apyrithione or polyvalent metal salt of pyrithione, the ratio ofzinc-containing layered material to pyrithione or a polyvalent metalsalt of pyrithione is from about 5:100 to about 10:1, or from about 2:10to about 5:1, or from about 1:2 to about 3:1.

7.3.2 Liquid Personal Care Compositions

Exemplary liquid rinse-off personal care compositions can include anaqueous carrier, which can be present at a level of from about 5% toabout 95%, or from about 60% to about 85%. The aqueous carrier maycomprise water, or a miscible mixture of water and organic solvent.Non-aqueous carrier materials can also be employed.

Such rinse-off personal care compositions can include one or moredetersive surfactants. The detersive surfactant component can beincluded to provide cleaning performance to the product. The detersivesurfactant component in turn comprises anionic detersive surfactant,zwitterionic or amphoteric detersive surfactant, or a combinationthereof. A representative, non-limiting, list of anionic surfactantsincludes anionic detersive surfactants for use in the compositions caninclude ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium laureth sulfate, triethylaminelauryl sulfate, triethylamine laureth sulfate, triethanolamine laurylsulfate, triethanolamine laureth sulfate, monoethanolamine laurylsulfate, monoethanolamine laureth sulfate, diethanolamine laurylsulfate, diethanolamine laureth sulfate, lauric monoglyceride sodiumsulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, potassium laurylsulfate, potassium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodiumlauroyl sarcosinate, lauryl sarcosine, cocoyl sarcosine, ammonium cocoylsulfate, ammonium lauroyl sulfate, sodium cocoyl sulfate, sodium lauroylsulfate, potassium cocoyl sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate,triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate,monoethanolamine cocoyl sulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, sodiumtridecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodiumcocoyl isethionate and combinations thereof. In one example, the anionicsurfactant can be sodium lauryl sulfate or sodium laureth sulfate. Theconcentration of the anionic surfactant component in the product can besufficient to provide a desired cleaning and/or lather performance, andgenerally ranges from about 2% to about 50%.

Amphoteric detersive surfactants suitable for use in the rinse-offpersonal care compositions are well known in the art, and include thosesurfactants broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary andtertiary amines in which an aliphatic radical can be straight orbranched chain and wherein an aliphatic substituent can contain fromabout 8 to about 18 carbon atoms such that one carbon atom can containan anionic water solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate,phosphate, or phosphonate. Examples of compounds falling within thisdefinition can be sodium 3-dodecyl-aminopropionate, sodium3-dodecylaminopropane sulfonate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate,N-alkyltaurines such as the one prepared by reacting dodecylamine withsodium isethionate according to the teaching of U.S. Pat. No. 2,658,072,N-higher alkyl aspartic acids such as those produced according to theteaching of U.S. Pat. No. 2,438,091, and products described in U.S. Pat.No. 2,528,378. Other examples of amphoteric surfactants can includesodium lauroamphoacetate, sodium cocoamphoactetate, disodiumlauroamphoacetate disodium cocodiamphoacetate, and mixtures thereof.Amphoacetates and diamphoacetates can also be used.

Zwitterionic detersive surfactants suitable for use in the rinse-offpersonal care compositions are well known in the art, and include thosesurfactants broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic quaternaryammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium compounds, in which aliphaticradicals can be straight or branched chains, and wherein an aliphaticsubstituent can contain from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms such thatone carbon atom can contain an anionic group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate,sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate. Other zwitterionic surfactants caninclude betaines, including cocoamidopropyl betaine.

The liquid rinse off personal care composition can comprise one or morephases. Such personal care compositions can include a cleansing phaseand/or a benefit phase (i.e., a single- or multi-phase composition).Each of a cleansing phase or a benefit phase can include variouscomponents. The cleansing phase and the benefit phase can be blended,separate, or a combination thereof. The cleansing phase and the benefitphase can also be patterned (e.g. striped).

The cleansing phase of a personal care composition can include at leastone surfactant. The cleansing phase can be an aqueous structuredsurfactant phase and constitute from about 5% to about 20%, by weight ofthe personal care composition. Such a structured surfactant phase caninclude sodium trideceth(n) sulfate, hereinafter STnS, wherein n candefine average moles of ethoxylation. n can range, for example, fromabout 0 to about 3; from about 0.5 to about 2.7, from about 1.1 to about2.5, from about 1.8 to about 2.2, or n can be about 2. When n can beless than 3, STnS can provide improved stability, improved compatibilityof benefit agents within the personal care compositions, and increasedmildness of the personal care compositions as disclosed in U.S.Pre-Grant Publication No. 2010/009285 A1.

The cleansing phase can also comprise at least one of an amphotericsurfactant and a zwitterionic surfactant. Suitable amphoteric orzwitterionic surfactants (in addition to those cited herein) caninclude, for example, those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,104,646 andU.S. Pat. No. 5,106,609.

A cleansing phase can comprise a structuring system. A structuringsystem can comprise, optionally, a non-ionic emulsifier, optionally,from about 0.05% to about 5%, by weight of the personal carecomposition, of an associative polymer; and an electrolyte.

The personal care composition can optionally be free of sodium laurylsulfate, hereinafter SLS, and can comprise at least a 70% lamellarstructure. However, the cleansing phase could comprise at least onesurfactant, wherein the at least one surfactant includes SLS. Suitableexamples of SLS are described in U.S. Pre-Grant Publication No.2010/0322878 A1.

Rinse-off personal care compositions can also include a benefit phase.The benefit phase can be hydrophobic and/or anhydrous. The benefit phasecan also be substantially free of surfactant. A benefit phase can alsoinclude a benefit agent. In particular, a benefit phase can comprisefrom about 0.1% to about 50% benefit agent by weight of the personalcare composition. The benefit phase can alternatively comprise lessbenefit agent, for example, from about 0.5% to about 20% benefit agent,by weight of the personal care composition. Examples of suitable benefitagents can include petrolatum, glyceryl monooleate, mineral oil, naturaloils, and mixtures thereof. Additional examples of benefit agents caninclude water insoluble or hydrophobic benefit agents. Other suitablebenefit agents are described in U.S. Pre-Grant Publication No.2012/0009285 A1.

Non-limiting examples of glycerides suitable for use as hydrophobic skinbenefit agents herein can include castor oil, safflower oil, corn oil,walnut oil, peanut oil, olive oil, cod liver oil, almond oil, avocadooil, palm oil, sesame oil, vegetable oils, sunflower seed oil, soybeanoil, vegetable oil derivatives, coconut oil and derivatized coconut oil,cottonseed oil and derivatized cottonseed oil, jojoba oil, cocoa butter,and combinations thereof.

Non-limiting examples of alkyl esters suitable for use as hydrophobicskin benefit agents herein can include isopropyl esters of fatty acidsand long chain esters of long chain (i.e. C10-C24) fatty acids, e.g.,cetyl ricinoleate, non-limiting examples of which can include isopropylpalmitate, isopropyl myristate, cetyl riconoleate, and stearylriconoleate. Other example can include hexyl laurate, isohexyl laurate,myristyl myristate, isohexyl palmitate, decyl oleate, isodecyl oleate,hexadecyl stearate, decyl stearate, isopropyl isostearate, diisopropyladipate, diisohexyl adipate, dihexyldecyl adipate, diisopropyl sebacate,acyl isononanoate lauryl lactate, myristyl lactate, cetyl lactate, andcombinations thereof.

Non-limiting examples of polyglycerin fatty acid esters suitable for useas hydrophobic skin benefit agents herein can include decaglyceryldistearate, decaglyceryl diisostearate, decaglyceryl monomyriate,decaglyceryl monolaurate, hexaglyceryl monooleate, and combinationsthereof.

The rinse-off personal care composition can be applied by a variety ofmeans, including by rubbing, wiping or dabbing with hands or fingers, orby means of an implement and/or delivery enhancement device.Non-limiting examples of implements include a sponge or sponge-tippedapplicator, a mesh shower puff, a swab, a brush, a wipe (e.g., washcloth), a loofah, and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples ofdelivery enhancement devices include mechanical, electrical, ultrasonicand/or other energy devices. Employment of an implement or device canhelp delivery of the particulate antimicrobial agent to target regions,such as, for example, hair follicles and undulations that can exist inthe underarm. The rinse-off care product can be sold together with suchan implement or device. Alternatively, an implement or device can besold separately but contain indicium to indicate usage with a rinse-offcare product. Implements and delivery devices can employ replaceableportions (e.g., the skin interaction portions), which can be soldseparately or sold together with the rinse-off care product in a kit.

7.3.3 Solid Personal Care Compositions

As noted herein, personal care compositions can take on numerous forms.One suitable form is that of a solid personal care composition. Solidcompositions can take many forms like powder, pellets, bars, etc. Theseforms will generally be described herein as bar soap, but it should beunderstood that the solid composition could be in another form or shape.One example of a bar soap personal care composition can include fromabout 0.1% to about 35%, by weight of the personal care composition, ofwater, from about 45% to about 99%, by weight of the personal carecomposition, of soap, and from about 0.01% to about 5%, by weight of thepersonal care composition, of a particulate antimicrobial agent. Anothersuitable antimicrobial bar soap can include, for example, from about0.1% to about 30%, by weight of the personal care composition, of water,from about 40% to about 99%, by weight of the personal care composition,of soap, and from about 0.25% to about 3%, by weight of the personalcare composition, of a particulate antimicrobial agent.

Bar soap compositions can be referred to as conventional solid (i.e.non-flowing) bar soap compositions. Some bar soap composition cancomprise convention soap, while others can contain syntheticsurfactants, and still others can contain a mix of soap and syntheticsurfactant. Bar compositions can include, for example, from about 0% toabout 45% of a synthetic anionic surfactant. An example of a suitableconventional soap can include milled toilet bars that are unbuilt (i.e.include about 5% or less of a water-soluble surfactancy builder).

A personal care bar composition can include soap. By weight, the soapcan be, for example, from about 45% to about 99%, or from about 50% toabout 75%, by weight of the personal care composition. Such soaps caninclude a typical soap, i.e., an alkali metal or alkanol ammonium saltof an alkane- or alkene monocarboxylic acid. Sodium, magnesium,potassium, calcium, mono-, di- and tri-ethanol ammonium cations, orcombinations thereof, can be suitable for a personal care composition.The soap included in a personal care composition can include sodiumsoaps or a combination of sodium soaps with from about 1% to about 25%ammonium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, or a mixture of these soaps.Additionally, the soap can be well-known alkali metal salts of alkanoicor alkenoic acids having from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms or fromabout 12 to about 18 carbon atoms. Another suitable soap can be alkalimetal carboxylates of alkyl or alkene hydrocarbons having from about 12to about 22 carbon atoms. Additional suitable soap compositions aredescribed in U.S. Pre-Grant Publication No. 2012/0219610 A1.

A personal care composition can also include soaps having a fatty acid.For example, one bar soap composition could contain from about 40% toabout 95% of a soluble alkali metal soap of C₈-C₂₄ or C₁₀-C₂₀ fattyacids. The fatty acid can, for example, have a distribution of coconutoil that can provide a lower end of a broad molecular weight range orcan have a fatty acid distribution of peanut or rapeseed oil, or theirhydrogenated derivatives, which can provide an upper end of the broadmolecular weight range. Other such compositions can include a fatty aciddistribution of tallow and/or vegetable oil. The tallow can includefatty acid mixtures that can typically have an approximate carbon chainlength distribution of 2.5% C₁₄, 29% C₁₆, 23% C₁₈, 2% palmitoleic, 41.5%oleic, and 3% linoleic. The tallow can also include other mixtures witha similar distribution, such as fatty acids derived from various animaltallows and/or lard. In one example, the tallow can also be hardened(i.e., hydrogenated) such that some or all unsaturated fatty acidmoieties can be converted to saturated fatty acid moieties.

Suitable examples of vegetable oil include palm oil, coconut oil, palmkernel oil, palm oil stearine, soybean oil, and hydrogenated rice branoil, or mixtures thereof, since such oils can be among more readilyavailable fats. One example of a suitable coconut oil can include aproportion of fatty acids having at least 12 carbon atoms of about 85%.Such a proportion can be greater when mixtures of coconut oil and fatssuch as tallow, palm oil, or non-tropical nut oils or fats can be usedwhere principle chain lengths can be C₁₆ and higher. The soap includedin a personal care composition can be, for example, a sodium soap havinga mixture of about 67-68% tallow, about 16-17% coconut oil, about 2%glycerin, and about 14% water.

Soap included in a personal care composition can also be unsaturated inaccordance with commercially acceptable standards. For example, a soapincluded in a personal care composition can include from about 37% toabout 45% unsaturated saponified material.

Soaps included in a personal care composition can be made, for example,by a classic kettle boiling process or modern continuous soapmanufacturing processes wherein natural fats and oils such as tallow orcoconut oil or their equivalents can be saponified with an alkali metalhydroxide using procedures well known to those skilled in the art. Soapcan also be made by neutralizing fatty acids such as lauric (C₁₂),myristic (C₁₄), palmitic (C₁₆), or stearic (C₁₈) acids, with an alkalimetal hydroxide or carbonate.

Soap included in a personal care composition could also be made by acontinuous soap manufacturing process. The soap could be processed intosoap noodles via a vacuum flash drying process. One example of asuitable soap noodle comprises about 67.2% tallow soap, about 16.8%coconut soap, about 2% glycerin, and about 14% water, by weight of thesoap noodle. The soap noodles can then be utilized in a milling processto finalize a personal care composition.

EXAMPLES

The presently disclosed subject matter will be better understood byreference to the following Examples, which are provided as exemplary ofthe disclosure, and not by way of limitation.

Example 1 Accord A Containing Musk Compounds

This Example provides an accord comprising musk compounds. Table 1provides a summary of the compounds and the amount of each compound usedfor Formulation A, which is a specific musk accord.

TABLE 1 Formulation A composition Compound % w/w Musk T ® 51.35Habanolide ® 25 Musk C14 ® 15 Exaltolide ® 7 Musk R1 ® 0.15 RaspberryKetone @ 1% in dipropylene glycol 1.5

Example 2 Accord B Containing Musk Compounds

This Example provides an accord comprising musk compounds. Table 2provides a summary of the compound and the amount of each compound usedfor Formulation B, which is a specific musk accord.

TABLE 2 Formulation B composition Compound % w/w Thesaron ® 12.5Linalool 37.5 Linalyl acetate 25 Ambretone ® 2.5 Musk T ® 22.5

Example 3 Accord C Containing Musk Compounds

This Example provides a fragrance accord comprising musk compounds.Table 3 provides a summary of the components that can be used forFormulation C, which is a specific musk accord.

TABLE 3 Formulation C composition Compound Linalool Linalyl acetateHabanolide ® Ambretone ® Musk T ®

Example 4 Influence of Musk Compounds on Salivary Alpha-Amylase Levels

Salivary alpha-amylase is widely used as a biomarker for acute stress.The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of individualfragrance compounds, particularly musk compounds, on a subject'ssalivary alpha-amylase levels before and after exposure to a stressor.The subject sniffed each musk compound, then was exposed to a stressor.The goal was to identify one or more specific musk compounds whichcaused the least amount of change in salivary alpha-amylase levels ordecreased a subject's salivary alpha-amylase levels compared to beforeadministration, thereby reducing or inhibiting a response to stressstimuli. The results are summarized in FIG. 1, which shows the percentchange in salivary alpha-amylase levels after inhaling various fragrancecompounds, as compared to the percent change in salivary alpha-amylaselevels after inhaling a control (dipropylene glycol). The p values ofthe control as compared to each musk compound were calculated asfollows: rosamusk (p=0.0366), habanolide (p=0.1163), ambrettolide(p=0.1397).

Example 5 Influence of Musk Compounds on Salivary Cortisol Levels

Salivary cortisol is widely used as a biomarker for stress. The purposeof this study was to investigate the influence of individual fragrancecompounds, particularly musk compounds, on a subject's cortisol levelsbefore and after exposure to a stressor. The subject sniffed each muskcompound, then was exposed to a stressor. The goal was to identify oneor more specific musk compounds which caused the least amount of changein cortisol levels or decreased a subject's cortisol levels compared tobefore administration, thereby reducing or inhibiting a response tostress stimuli. The results are summarized in FIG. 2, which shows thepercent change in salivary cortisol levels after inhaling variousfragrance compounds, as compared to the percent change in salivarycortisol levels after inhaling a control (dipropylene glycol).

Example 6 Influence of Macrocyclic Musk Compounds on SalivaryAlpha-Amylase Levels

This Example evaluated the effects of several macrocylic musk compoundson salivary alpha-amylase levels of a test group.

Twelve to fourteen female panelists age 30-45 participated in this studyfor each of the test materials. Stress was induced using a timed tenminute mathematical/word test in a small group competition setting. Themusk material was introduced at intervals during the stress test.

Saliva was collected before and immediately after the stress test.Saliva samples were assayed for salivary alpha-amylase activity using acommercially available kinetic reaction assay kit (Salimetrics®, StateCollege, Pa.).

The change in a panelist's salivary alpha-amylase level for each testedmusk compound is summarized in Table 4.

TABLE 4 Summary of salivary alpha-amylase level for each tested muskcompound. Percent change in Musk Compound salivary alpha-amylase Solventonly (control) 66.8% Musk T ® 47.1% Ambretone ® 36.9% Ambrettolide ®13.1% (9Z)-17-oxacycloheptadec-6-en-1-one Habanolide ®  4.7%(12E)-1-oxacyclohexadec-12-en-2-one

Results in Table 4 show that salivary alpha-amylase levels in thecontrol sample increased by nearly 67%. However, the data shows that theuse of these individual macrocyclic musk compounds resulted insubstantially lower salivary alpha-amylase levels after the stress test.Therefore, the data demonstrated that the inhalation of thesemacrocyclic musk compounds inhibited the increase of salivaryalpha-amylase under stress.

Example 7 Influence of Non-Macrocyclic Musk Compounds on SalivaryAlpha-Amylase Levels

This Example evaluated the effects of two non-macrocyclic musk compoundson salivary alpha-amylase levels of a test group.

Materials and methods were the same as Example 6. The change in apanelist's salivary alpha-amylase level for each tested musk compound issummarized in Table 5.

TABLE 5 Summary of salivary alpha-amylase level for each tested muskcompound. Percent change in Musk Compound salivary alpha-amylase Solventonly (control) 66.8% Hindinol ® 82.3%(E)-2-methyl-4-(2,2,3-trimethyl-1-cyclopent- 3-enyl)but-2-en-1-ol ethyl(1R,65)-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexane-1- 70.7% carboxylate

Results in Table 5 show that salivary alpha-amylase levels for twospecific non-macrocyclic musk compounds increased as much as or morethan the control solvent. Therefore, inhalation of these twonon-macrocyclic musk compounds individually did not inhibit the increaseof salivary alpha-amylase under stress.

Example 8 The Influence of Musk Compound Musk T on SalivaryAlpha-Amylase and Cortisol Reactivity to Acute Stress

Fourteen female panelists age 30-45 participated in this study. Stresswas induced using a timed ten minute mathematical/word test in a smallgroup competition setting. Fragrance was introduced at intervals duringthe stress test. Saliva was collected before (Pre) and immediately after(Post) the stress test. Saliva samples were assayed for salivaryalpha-amylase using a commercially available kinetic reaction assay kitand for salivary cortisol using a highly sensitive enzyme immunoassaykit (Salimetrics®, State College, Pa.).

The Musk T compound was formulated in a fragrance at an amount of 2.5%by weight for use in the present example. 75% by weight of a floralfragrance was admixed with 25% by weight Musk T to form an admixture.10% of the admixture was then diluted with 90% DPG to form a muskcontaining fragrance.

As shown in FIG. 3, Pre vs. Post salivary alpha-amylase level increasedin response to the stress test, 38% with fragrance and 120% with DPGalone.

As shown in FIG. 4, Pre vs. Post salivary cortisol level in response tothe stress test decreased 8% with fragrance and increased 24% with DPGalone.

The increase of salivary alpha-amylase during the stress test in thepresence of the Musk T compound was less than the control. With regardto changes in cortisol during the stress test, in the presence of MuskT, there was a decrease in cortisol levels, which is in contrast to theincrease observed for the control. The results of this study demonstratethat the presence of Musk T during a stress task has a positiveinfluence by blunting the effect of the stressor and that both thesympathetic and the HPA axis may be involved.

Example 9 The Influence of Musk Compound Musk T on Brain Wave Functionand Salivary Alpha-Amylase and Cortisol Reactivity to Acute Stress

This study was conducted using the methods as described above forExample 8. The Musk T compound was formulated in an amount of 10% byweight in DPG for use as a musk containing fragrance in the presentexample.

Contingent Negative Variant (CNV) analysis was conducted on brain wavesrecorded from subjects using EEG (electroencephalography) in thepresence of the musk fragrance compound. CNV analysis is summarized inOkazaki et al., Proceedings of the 13th International Congress ofFlavours, Fragrances and Essential Oils, 15-19 Oct. 1995.

As shown in FIG. 5, Pre vs. Post salivary alpha-amylase level increasedin response to the stress test, 47% with fragrance and 161% with DPGalone.

As shown in FIG. 6, Pre vs. Post salivary cortisol level increased inresponse to the stress test, 10% with fragrance and 41% with DPG alone.

Contingent Negative Variant (CNV) analysis of brain waves in subjectsexposed to the fragrance shows a 32.5% increase in the level ofrelaxation when exposed to the fragrance.

The increase of salivary alpha-amylase during the stress test in thepresence of Musk T was less than the control. Similarly, the increase incortisol levels during the stress test was lower in the presence of MuskT than control. Furthermore, CNV analysis of EEG data from subjectsexposed to Musk T identified an increase in brain waves associated withan emotional state of relaxation. The results of this study demonstratethat the presence of a Musk T fragrance during a stress task has apositive influence by blunting the effect of the stressor and that boththe sympathetic and the HPA axis may be involved.

Example 10 The Influence of Rosamusk on Salivary Alpha-Amylase andCortisol Reactivity to Acute Stress

The study was conducted using the methods as described above for Example8. The Rosamusk compound was formulated in an amount of 10% by weight inDPG for use as a musk containing fragrance in the present example.

As shown in FIG. 7, Pre vs. Post salivary alpha-amylase level inresponse to the stress test decreased 15% with fragrance and increased33% with DPG alone.

As shown in FIG. 8, Pre vs. Post salivary cortisol level increased inresponse to the stress test, 7% with fragrance and 25% with DPG alone.

During the stress test, the level of salivary alpha-amylase in thepresence of Rosamusk decreased, while the level of salivaryalpha-amylase increased for the control. With regard to changes incortisol during the stress test, the increase in cortisol level duringthe stress test was lower in the presence of Rosamusk than control. Theresults of this study demonstrate that the presence of Rosamusk during astress task has a positive influence by blunting the effect of thestressor and that both the sympathetic and the HPA axis may be involved.

Example 11 The Influence of Musk Compound Musk T on SalivaryAlpha-Amylase and Cortisol Reactivity to Acute Stress and ConsumerSelf-Report Assay of Emotional State

The study was conducted using the methods as described above for Example8.

In the present example, 54% by weight of a floral fragrance was admixedwith 46% by weight Musk T to form an admixture. 10% of the admixture wasthen diluted with 90% by weight DPG to form the musk containingfragrance. Therefore, the Musk T compound was prepared in an amount of4.6% by weight in the overall fragrance composition.

In addition to measuring salivary alpha-amylase level and cortisol levelbefore and after the stress test in the presence or absence of a muskfragrance compound, a panel of consumers (N=15) provided a consumerself-report regarding their emotional state after exposure to thefragrance. The panelists also conducted a self-reported measurement ofemotion, as determined by a PANAS (Positive Affect Negative AffectScale) questionnaire.

As shown in FIG. 9, Pre vs. Post salivary cortisol level in response tothe stress test decreased 11% with fragrance and increased 4% with DPGalone.

The Pre vs. Post salivary alpha-amylase level in response to the stresstest increase 35.3% with fragrance and increased 50.8% with DPG alone.

In the consumer self-report questionnaire, 100% of panelists felt “atease,” “relaxed” and “calm” after exposure to the fragrance.

With regard to the consumer self-report PANAS assay, there was adecrease of 6.4% in stimulating attributes after exposure to thefragrance.

With regard to changes in salivary alpha-amylase before and after thestress test, in the presence of the Musk T fragrance, there was anincrease in salivary alpha-amylase levels. However, the increase of thecontrol (DPG alone) was much higher than that with the Musk T fragrance(35.3% compared to 50.8% DPG alone).

Similarly, according to the consumer report questionnaires, the Musk Tfragrance resulted in emotional states of relaxation, with a decrease instimulating attributes. The results of this study demonstrate that thepresence of the Musk T fragrance during a stress task has a positiveinfluence by blunting the effect of the stressor and that both thesympathetic and the HPA axis may be involved.

Example 12 The Influence of Formulation B on Salivary Alpha-Amylase andSalivary Cortisol Levels

This study was conducted using Formulation B as described above forExample 2. A fragrance composition was prepared using 10% w/w ofFormulation B admixed with 90% w/w of a fruity fragrance composition.Salivary samples were taken before and after a stress test.

As shown in FIG. 10, salivary alpha-amylase levels were lower inresponse to the combination of Formulation B and the fruity fragrancecomposition versus the fruity fragrance composition alone.

As shown in FIG. 11, salivary cortisol levels were lower in response tothe combination of Formulation B and the fruity fragrance compositionversus the fruity fragrance composition alone.

As shown in FIG. 12, salivary cortisol levels were lower in response tothe combination of Formulation B and the fruity fragrance compositionversus the fruity fragrance composition alone and versus solvent alone.

The results of this study demonstrate that both salivary alpha-amylaseand salivary cortisol levels decrease in the presence of Formulation Bin combination with the fruity fragrance composition more than in thepresence of the fruity fragrance composition alone. Therefore, the datademonstrated that the combination of Formulation B and the fruityfragrance composition inhibited the increase of salivary alpha-amylaseand salivary cortisol under stress.

Example 13 Compounds Effective Against Stressors

The present Example provides the results of those compounds thatdemonstrated a change in salivary amylase levels, cortisol levels, orboth. Dipropylene glycol (DPG) was used as the solvent and control.

Stress was induced in a number of panelists (about 10-15) for eachtested compound using a timed ten minute mathematical/word test in asmall group competition setting. The test compound was introduced atintervals during the stress test.

Saliva was collected before and immediately after the stress test.Saliva samples were assayed for salivary cortisol levels and salivaryalpha-amylase activity using a commercially available kinetic reactionassay kit (Salimetrics®, State College, Pa.).

The change in a panelist's salivary alpha-amylase and salivary cortisollevels for each tested compound is summarized in Table 6.

TABLE 6 Salivary Amylase Compound Data Cortisol Data Ambrettolide+13.16% −11.25% p = 0.1492 vs p = 0.7782 vs DPG = +60.7% DPG = −10.9%Habanolide  +4.67%  −20.6% p = 0.1382 vs p = 0.4808 vs DPG = +60.7% DPG= −10.9% L-Muscone  +14.5%  +25.6% P = 0.3275 vs P = 0.0175 DPG = +60.7%DPG = −10.9% Phantolide  −19.2%  −12.3% p = 0.0053 vs p = 0.9633 vs DPG= +60.7% DPG = −10.9% Rosamusk  −15.2%  +6.68% p = 0.0605 vs p = 0.2048vs DPG = +60.7% DPG = −10.9% Hindinol  +82.3%  −25.0% p = 0.9514 vs p =0.0644 vs DPG = +60.7% DPG = −10.9% 3-methy1-5-((1R)-2,2,3-  −6.1% −16.5% trimethylcyclopentyl)pentan- p = 0.0378 vs p = 0.765 vs  2-oneDPG = +60.7% DPG = −10.9%

The results of this study demonstrated that salivary alpha-amylase andsalivary cortisol levels decrease in the presence of rosamusk,Habanolid® ((12E)-1-oxacyclohexadec-12-en-2-one), ambrettolide(17-oxacycloheptadec-6-en-1-one), Muscone L,3-methyl-5-((1R)-2,2,3-trimethylcyclopentyl)pentan-2-one, phantolide(1-(1,1,2,3,3,6-hexamethyl-2H-inden-5-yl)ethanone) more than in thepresence of DPG alone. Salivary cortisol levels decreased in thepresence of Hindinol®((E)-2-methyl-4-(2,2,3-trimethyl-1-cyclopent-3-enyl)but-2-en-1-ol) morethan in the presence of DPG alone.

Example 14 The Influence of Formulation A on Salivary Alpha-Amylase andSalivary Cortisol Levels

This study was conducted using Formulation A as described above forExample 1. A fragrance composition was prepared using 10% w/w ofFormulation A admixed with 90% w/w of a fragrance composition. Salivarysamples were taken before and after a stress test to evaluatealpha-amylase and cortisol inhibition. The participants were exposed toFormulation A in the fragrance composition at different time pointsincluding, before application of the stressor, during the duration ofthe stressor and during only the first half of exposure to the stressor.The sniff time points and results are summarized in Table 7.

TABLE 7 Summary of alpha-amylase and cortisol inhibition before andduring a stress test. Percent change Percent in alpha change in Eventamylase cortisol Solvent only (control)   13.21%   22.24% 10 sniffsduring stressor (normal procedure)   42.56% −10.36% Sniff only 5 timesduring first half of stressor   54.06%  −3.52% Sniff only beforestressor −26.08%    1.55%

The results of this study demonstrate that cortisol levels decreased inthe presence of Formulation A in combination with fragrance compositionmore than in the presence of solvent alone. Therefore, the datademonstrated that the combination of Formulation A and fragrancecomposition inhibited the increase of salivary alpha-amylase understress when smelled before application of the stressor.

Example 15 Dose Response Data of Formulation A

In this Example, Formulation A from Example 1 was tested at differentamounts (based on drops) to determine the dose response of percentchange in a subject's salivary alpha-amylase and salivary cortisollevels.

Methodology for number of drops. Ten to twenty-four panelists age 30-45participated in this study. The amount of fragrance tested was dividedequally and applied onto 6 blotter cards each 3 by 5 inches in size.They were weighed and placed in the test room 30 minutes before thestress test to equilibrate.

Stress was induced using a timed ten-minute mathematical/word test in asmall group competition setting. The blotter cards were removed andweighed again after the stress test. The difference in weightrepresented the weight loss in the 3,630 cubic feet test room.

Saliva was collected before (Pre) and immediately after (Post) thestress test. Saliva samples were assayed for salivary alpha-amylaseusing a commercially available kinetic reaction assay kit and forsalivary cortisol using a highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay kit(Salimetrics®, State College, Pa.).

The concentration of the formulation in the headspace was determined.The concentration of the mixture in the headspace was measured and theweight loss of the mixture at the end of the test was calculated. Thedata summary is provided below.

TABLE 8 Summary of Dose Response Data for 60 drops of mixtureConcentration Percent Percent Concentration of Formulation change inchange of mixture in air (ug/cf) A (ng/cf) alpha-amylase cortisol  0 (Nodrops) 0 49.6%   7.8% 36 ug/cf (60 drops mixture) 12 ng/cf 23.4% −4.5%

Example 16 Dose Response Data of Formulation A

In this Example, Formulation A from Example 1 was tested at differentamounts (based on drops) using the procedure described in Example 15.The data summary is provided below.

TABLE 9 Summary of Dose Response Data for various drops of mixtureConcentration Percent Percent Concentration of Formulation change inchange of mixture in air (ug/cf) A (ng/cf) alpha-amylase cortisol 1.3ug/cf (6 drops mixture) 0.4 ng/cf 62.7% 16.0% 20 ug/cf (12 dropsmixture) 6.7 ng/cf 65.0% 31.9% 22 ug/cf (18 drops mixture) 7.4 ng/cf 6.1% -0.1%

Example 17 Dose Response Data of Formulation A

In this Example, Formulation A from Example 1 was tested at differentamounts (based on drops) using the procedure described in Example 15.The data summary is provided below.

TABLE 10 Summary of Dose Response Data Concentration Percent of changein Percent Concentration Formulation alpha- change of mixture in air(ug/cf) A (ng/cf) amylase cortisol   44 ug/cf (36 drops mixture)  14.6ng/cf 35.0%   14.8%   83 ug/cf (90 drops mixture)  27.7 ng/cf 35.8% −5.0% 99.5 ug/cf (120 drops mixture) 33.17 ng/cf 31.6%   20.2%

Example 18 Consumer Products and Method for Determining Concentrations

Formulation A, as shown in Examples 15-17, in the vapor phase at 7.4ng/ft³ to 27.7 ng/ft³ provides a reduction of cortisol and alpha amylasemarkers. This indicates stress reduction in a subject.

The concentration in shampoo and APDO soft solid product that suchaccord should be added to arrive at a vapor phase of 7.4 ng/ft³ to 27.7ng/ft³ is provided below. This procedure can be used to determine the inproduct concentration required for consumer products.

Estimation Method:

The chassis-air partition coefficient can be measured for materials invarious chassis.

$\begin{matrix}{K_{i,{{chassis}\text{-}{air}}} = \frac{C_{i,{chassis}}}{C_{i,{air}}}} & (1)\end{matrix}$

where:

K_(i,chassis-air) is the chassis-air partition coefficient for componenti in the fragrance formula

C_(i, chassis) is the concentration of component i in the productformula chassis in molarity, M

C_(i, air) is the concentration of component i in the headspace air inequilibrium with the formula chassis in molarity, M

For the “Example Accord” in the BC-162 shampoo chassis components, thelog chassis-air partition coefficients are as listed in Table 11.

TABLE 11 Air Partition Coefficients logK, APDO logK, Soft CAS Name BC162Solid  25265-71-8 DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL 5.860 4.305  5471-51-2 PARA HYDROXYPHENYL 7.809 6.135 BUTANONE   106-02-5 EXALTOLIDE 5.356 6.729111879-80-2 HABANOLIDE 5.505 6.693  3391-83-1 MUSK RI 5.780 6.970 54982-83-1 ZENOLIDE 6.131 6.966   105-95-3 ETHYLENE BRASSYLATE 6.3457.306

The following is a conversion to get to units of molarity in air:

$\begin{matrix}{{C_{i,{air}}\frac{mol}{L}} = {C_{i,{air}}{\frac{ng}{{ft}^{3}} \cdot \left( \frac{{ft}^{3}}{28.317\mspace{14mu} L} \right) \cdot \left( \frac{1\mspace{14mu} g}{10^{9}{ng}} \right) \cdot \left( \frac{mol}{{MW} \cdot g} \right)}}} & (2)\end{matrix}$

To determine the concentration in chassis, C_(i,chassis), the followingcalculation is used:

$\begin{matrix}{{C_{i,{chassis}}\frac{mol}{L}} = {C_{i,{air}}{\frac{mol}{L} \cdot 10^{logK}}}} & (3)\end{matrix}$

Weight percent in the chassis is determined by the following:

$\begin{matrix}{w_{i} = {C_{i,{chassis}}{\frac{{mol}_{i}}{L_{chassis}} \cdot \frac{{MW}_{i}\frac{g_{i}}{{mol}_{i}}}{\rho_{chassis}{\frac{g_{chassis}}{{mL}_{chassis}} \cdot 1000}\frac{mL}{L}}}}} & (4)\end{matrix}$

where:

ρ_(chassis) is the density of the chassis in g/mL

MW_(i) is the molecular weight of component i

Weight percent of the individual components of the accord are summed togenerate the total weight percent to be used in the chassis.

$\begin{matrix}{w_{{accordtotal},{chassis}} = {\sum\limits_{i}w_{i}}} & (5)\end{matrix}$

Target weight percents for total Example Accord in product are as shownin Table 12.

TABLE 12 Target Weight Percents Headspace, ng/cf 7.4 27.7 Chassis LowHigh Shampoo 0.000017% 0.000064% Soft Solid Antiperspirant 0.000018%0.000067%The above numbers assume equilibrium headspace of the neat product.

When a consumer product is used, often the touchpoint that the consumerexperiences will require a higher level in the product such that whenfragrance is lost through a wash process or diluted in the surroundingair, the concentration is still within the limits.

When in use conditions are considered, the calculated neat productconcentration should be increased by a factor of from about three ordersof magnitude to about five orders of magnitude.

Typically, when the in use concentration is a wet use (i.e. wet fabricor hair) increasing the concentration in product by three orders ofmagnitude over the calculated neat product concentration should suffice.For non-wet applications (i.e. deodorant, air care device) increasingthe concentration in product by five orders of magnitude over thecalculated neat product concentration should suffice.

For example, 0.015% of the Example Accord will deliver an equilibriumwet fabric and/or hair headspace of approximately 0.024 ppb (equivalentto about 7.4 ng/cf) and 0.056% of the Example Accord will deliver anequilibrium wet fabric and/or hair headspace of approximately 0.09 ppb(equivalent to about 27.7 ng/cf).

In a soft solid Antiperspirant context as an example, approximately 0.4%of the accord would be needed to ensure the concentration of the ExampleAccord is at least 7.4 ng/cf when it reaches the user's nose andapproximately 1.5% of the accord would be needed to ensure theconcentration of the Example Accord is at least 27.7 ng/cf when itreaches the user's nose.

Example Soft Solid Antiperspirant and Shampoo Formulas containing therequired levels of the Example Accord are found below. The shampoo belowis made by combining the ingredients in Table 13 in the amounts given.All materials are in weight percent of total formula.

TABLE 13 Shampoo formulas EXAMPLE SHAMPOO COMPOSITION Ingredient I IIIII Polyquaterium 76 ¹ 0.25 0.25 0.25 Guar, Hydroxylpropyl — — —Trimonium Chloride ² Guar, Hydroxylpropyl — — — Trimonium Chloride ³Polyquaterium 6 ⁴ — — — Sodium Laureth Sulfate 6 6 6 (SLE3S) ⁵ SodiumLaureth Sulfate — — — (SLE1S) ⁶ Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) ⁷ 7 7 7Silicone ⁸ 0.5 0.5 0.5 Gel Network ⁹ — — — Cocoamidopropyl Betaine ¹⁰2.0 2.0 2.0 Cocoamide MEA ¹¹ 0.85 0.85 0.85 Ethylene Glycol Distearate¹² 1.50 1.50 1.50 Sodium Benzoate 0.25 0.25 0.25 Disodium EDTA 0.13 0.130.13 Example Accord 0.015 0.025 0.056 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4- 0.0005 0.00050.0005 isothiazolin-3-one, Kathon CG Sodium Chloride/Ammonium AdjustAdjust Adjust Xylene Sulfonate viscosity viscosity viscosity to 2000 to2000 to 2000 to 10,000 to 10,000 to 10,000 cps cps cps Citric Acid orSodium Citrate Adjust to Adjust to Adjust to Dihydrate pH 5 to 7 pH 5 to7 pH 5 to 7 Water Balance Balance Balance ¹ Mirapol AT-1, Copolymer ofAcrylamide(AM) and TRIQUAT, MW = 1,000,000; CD = 1.6 meq./gram; SupplierRhodia ² Jaguar C500, MW − 500,000, CD = 0.7, supplier Rhodia ³ JaguarC17, supplier Rhodia ⁴ Mirapol 100S, supplier Rhodia ⁵ Sodium LaurethSulfate, supplier P&G ⁶ Sodium Laureth Sulfate, supplier P&G ⁷ SodiumLauryl Sulfate, supplier P&G ⁸ Dimethicone Fluid, Viscasil 330M; 30micron particle size; supplier Momentive Silicones

Each version of the shampoo (versions I, II and III) is used byconsumers and the consumer's stress level, as measured by thebio-markers and methods disclosed in the present specification, isreduced.

The Soft Solid Antiperspirant below is made by combining the ingredientsin Table 14 in the amounts given. All materials are in weight percent oftotal formula.

TABLE 14 Soft Solid Antiperspirant Formulas EXAMPLE SOFT SOLIDANTIPERSPIRANT COMPOSITION I II III Ingredient Aluminum Zirconium 26.526.5 26.5 Trichlorohydrex Glycine Powder Cyclopentasiloxane Q. S. Q.S.Q. S. Dimethicone 5 5 5 Tribehenin 4.5 4.5 4.5 C 18-36 acid triglyceride1.125 1.125 1.125 PPG-14 Butyl Ether 0.5 0.5 0.5 White Petrolatum 3 3 3Example Accord 0.4 0.9 1.5 Cyclopentasiloxane Balance Balance Balance to100% to 100% to 100%

Each version of the soft solid antiperspirant (versions I, II and III)is used by consumers and the consumer's stress level, as measured by thebio-markers and methods disclosed in the present specification, isreduced.

REFERENCES

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Although the presently disclosed subject matter and its advantages havebeen described in detail, it should be understood that various changes,substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing fromthe spirit and scope of the application as defined by the appendedclaims. Moreover, the scope of the present application is not intendedto be limited to the particular embodiments of the process, machine,manufacture, composition of matter, means, methods and steps describedin the specification. As one of ordinary skill in the art will readilyappreciate from the disclosure of the presently disclosed subjectmatter, processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means,methods, or steps, presently existing or later to be developed thatperform substantially the same function or achieve substantially thesame result as the corresponding embodiments described herein may beutilized according to the presently disclosed subject matter.Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to include within theirscope such processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter,means, methods, or steps.

Patents, patent applications publications product descriptions, andprotocols are cited throughout this application the disclosures of whichare incorporated herein by reference in their entireties for allpurposes.

What is claimed is:
 1. A fragrance composition comprising at least onemusk accord, wherein the musk accord comprises at least one muskcompound selected from the group consisting of1-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)ethyl acetate,((12E)-1-oxacyclohexadec-12-en-2-one), 17-oxacycloheptadec-6-en-1-one,L-Muscone, 3-methyl-5-((1R)-2,2,3-trimethylcyclopentyl)pentan-2-one,1-(1,1,2,3,3,6-hexamethyl-2H-inden-5-yl)ethanone,((E)-2-methyl-4-(2,2,3-trimethyl-1-cyclopent-3-enyl)but-2-en-1-ol), andcombinations thereof, wherein the musk accord is present in an amount offrom about 1% to about 100% by weight of the fragrance composition. 2.The fragrance composition of claim 1, wherein the musk accord is presentin an amount of at least about 5% w/w.
 3. The fragrance composition ofclaim 1, wherein the musk accord is present in an amount of at leastabout 10% w/w.
 4. The fragrance composition of claim 1, wherein the muskaccord is present in an amount of at least about 20% w/w.
 5. A consumerproduct comprising the fragrance composition of claim
 1. 6. The consumerproduct of claim 5, wherein the consumer product comprises a sufficientamount of the at least one musk accord to provide a concentration ofsaid at least one musk of at least 7 nanograms per cubic foot of air,preferably from about 7.4 nanograms per cubic foot of air to about 28nanograms per cubic foot of air, more preferably 7.4 nanograms per cubicfoot of air to about 27.7 nanograms per cubic foot of air, said consumerproduct being a hair removal, sexual health care, fine fragrance and/orpet care product.
 7. The consumer product of claim 6, said consumerproduct comprising, in addition to said at least one musk accord, one ormore fragrance raw materials.
 8. A consumer product according to any oneof claim 6, further comprising an ingredient selected from the groupconsisting of bleach activators, hydrogen peroxide, perfumes, fragrancedelivery systems, carriers, structurants, solvents, and mixturesthereof.
 9. A method of reducing or inhibiting a stress response in asubject in need thereof comprising: administering the fragrancecomposition of any one of claims 1-4 to the subject in an amounteffective to reduce or inhibit a response to stress stimuli.
 10. Themethod of claim 9, wherein the fragrance composition is administeredbefore, during, or after exposure to the stress stimuli.